His young wife was passionate and independent, energetic and practical, but unselfish.  To her husband’s democratic tendency she opposed a strong aristocratic leaning.  Their ill fortune in Neu-Ruppin affected her nerves so seriously that she went to Berlin for treatment while the family was moving.

In Swinemuende the father put the children in the public school, but when the aristocratic mother arrived from Berlin she took them out, and for a time the little ones were taught at home.  The unindustrious father was prevailed upon to divide with the mother the burden of teaching them and undertook the task with a mild protest, employing what he humorously designated the “Socratic method.”  He taught geography and history together, chiefly by means of anecdotes, with little regard for accuracy or thoroughness.  Though his method was far from Socratic, it interested young Theodor and left an impression on him for life.  His mother confined her efforts mainly to the cultivation of a good appearance and gentle manners, for, as one might perhaps expect of the daughter of a French silk merchant, she valued outward graces above inward culture, and she avowedly had little respect for the authority of scholars and books.

After a while an arrangement was made whereby Theodor shared for two years the private lessons given by a Dr. Lau to the children of a neighbor, and “whatever backbone his knowledge possessed” he owed to this instruction.  A similar arrangement was made with the private tutor who succeeded Dr. Lau.  He had the children learn the most of Schiller’s ballads by heart.  Fontane always remained grateful for this, probably because it was as a writer of ballads that he first won recognition.  If we look upon the ballad as a poetically heightened form of anecdote we discover an element of unity in his early education, and that will help us to understand why the technique of his novels shows such a marked influence of the ballad.

“How were we children trained?” asks Fontane in My Childhood Years.  “Not at all, and excellently,” is his answer, referring to the lack of strict parental discipline in the home and to the quiet influence of his mother’s example.

[Illustration:  Permission Berlin Photo Co, New York THEODOR FONTANE HANNS FECHNER]

Among the notable events of the five years Theodor spent in Swinemuende, were the liberation of Greece, the war between Russia and Turkey, the conquest of Algiers, the revolution in France, the separation of Belgium from Holland, and the Polish insurrection.  Little wonder that the lad watched eagerly for the arrival of the newspapers and quickly devoured their contents.

In Swinemuende the family again lived beyond their means.  The father’s extravagance and his passion for gambling showed no signs of abatement.  The mother was very generous in the giving of presents, for she said that what money they had would be spent anyhow and it might as well go for some useful purpose.  The city being a popular summer resort, they had a great many guests from Berlin during the season, and in the winter they frequently entertained Swinemuende friends.