in Ireland.  For the days in which they were written, the songs and essays of Thomas Davis contained greater depth, and a holier purpose.  They seemed to flow, too, from a diviner inspiration; were of a wider, calmer and more generous scope.  But the times were different; and it was as if the spirit of fire, burning at the bases of man’s social hopes throughout Europe, breathed its prophetic glow on the heart of John Mitchel, conscious that he, of all men, in a prostrate land, could find it befitting utterance.  It must not be omitted that the muse of “Mary,” of “Eva,” and of poor Clarence Mangan, considerably enhanced the high estimate of the United Irishman.

In the presence of such an oracle of defiance and vengeance, the Government for a while stood aghast.  But the urgency of the times admitted of no temporising policy.  Messrs. O’Brien, Meagher and Mitchel, were selected for prosecution; but the latter was honoured with a double suit—­one for an article, and the other for a speech.  The morning they were called upon to enter into security, all Dublin was startled as if by a spell.  The streets were crowded by a dense and anxious mass of men.  The police-office in a short time became inaccessible.  Mr. O’Connell’s two sons, and the staff of the old Association, anticipated the crowd, and occupied the seats around the bench.  When Mr. O’Brien was called on, the O’Connells offered to become his security.  The fact was trumpeted by the journals, yet living on the garbage of Conciliation Hall.  But the offer, if sincere, might then be productive of important consequences.  It was not sincere; a fact sufficiently attested by the Messrs. O’Connell’s necessary consciousness that Mr. O’Brien would not come without his bail.  In truth, it was known to all Dublin that he even found a difficulty in reconciling the conflicting claims of several gentlemen who aspired to that honour.  So it was, too, with Mr. Meagher and Mr. Mitchel.  All those gentlemen hurried to tender their services, as soon as they heard that bail would be required, the Messrs. O’Connell alone selecting the public court for the display of their magnanimity.  It is needless to add that their courtesy was declined; and they must have left the police-office that day in the wake of the crowd, oppressed with the conviction that the confidence of the Irish people had passed for ever from their house.

[Illustration:  Thomas Francis Meagher (A Sketch in May:  1848)]

[Illustration:  John Martin (About 1865)]

This prosecution marked a new epoch in the Irish movement.  It was determined at once to meet it boldly—­to extenuate nothing, to retract nothing—­to take advantage of no legal subterfuge; but dare the issue promptly, openly and fully.  Mr. O’Brien at first refused to be defended by counsel.  He was with great difficulty prevailed upon to change his determination; and, when it was known that he was willing to accept professional assistance, at least