CANTWELL, JAMES.—­A Dublin mercantile assistant and, later, a restaurant-proprietor.  One of the Council of the Confederation who supported Mitchel’s policy.

CARLETON, WILLIAM (1794-1869).—­Author of “Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry.”

CAVAIGNAC, LOUIS EUGENE (1802-1857).—­One of the most distinguished of the French Generals in the second quarter of the nineteenth century.  On the establishment of the second Republic he was appointed Minister for War, and when the “Reds” threatened its stability he was invested with the dictatorship and speedily crushed the insurrection.  In the contest for the Presidency the glamour of Louis Napoleon’s name defeated Cavaignac.  After Napoleon’s coup-d’etat Cavaignac retired into private life.  He had sympathies with Ireland, and in 1848 gave private assurances that in the event of an Irish insurrection winning initial successes, he would bring the influence of France to bear on England to force her to concede terms to Ireland.

CAVANAGH, JOHN.—­President of the Fitzgerald Confederate Club, Harold’s Cross, Dublin.  Wounded at Ballingarry, he was brought to Kilkenny, where he was concealed and cured by Dr. Cane, and later smuggled to France, whence he proceeded to the United States, became an officer in the army and was slain in the Civil War.

“CHRISTABEL” (1815-1881).—­Miss M’Carthy, of Kilfademore House, Kenmare, afterwards Mrs. Downing.  A Popular poetess of the period, usually using the nom-de-guerre of “Christabel.”  Her best-known poem is “The Grave of MacCaura.”  She assisted Doheny and Stephens to escape.

CLARENDON, EARL OF (1804-1870).—­George Villiers, the fourth earl, according to his English biographers, represented the highest type of English politician and English gentleman.  Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 1846-1852.  He hired the editor of an obscene journal in Dublin to publish libels upon the moral character of the Young Irelanders, and conducted the affairs of the country from March to June, 1848, under this man’s advice.  He paid L3,400 for the services rendered and a demand for further payments led to a public disclosure of the facts.  At the time Clarendon hired James Birch, Birch had completed a sentence of imprisonment for criminal libel.

CLEMENTS, EDWARD.—­A barrister.  One of O’Connell’s “tail” in Conciliation Hall.  The attempt of O’Connell to provide “poor Ned Clements” with a Government situation precipitated the rupture with Young Ireland.

CONWAY, M.G.—­A journalist of ability and no principle who followed the path of fortune.  He professed ultra-Catholic views while O’Connell was in the ascendant.  After O’Connell’s death he abjured Catholicism to ingratiate himself with the Ascendancy element.

CRAMPTON, JUDGE (17—­ -1858).—­Philip Crampton, called to the Bar 1810, Solicitor-General 1832, and raised to the Bench 1834.  One of the judges at O’Connell’s trial, a strong Tory but a clever lawyer.