are in readiness to justify the punishment of it.  But, alas! in this case many hundreds were punished who had never been in rebellion, never thought of it, never knew it, were incapable of it.  The vengeful spirit of their “High Mightinesses” in Batavia, was glutted to the throat.  Butchery could not do her work more thoroughly.  Not a drop of blood was left in Chinese veins to circulate disaffection, or boil in the agony of despairing hate.  Extermination smiled in the gloom of Death,—­merciful in this at least, that she suffered not a heart to remain to curse her triumph.  See Modern Universal History, vol. xiv. ch. 7.  Our limits will not permit the dreadful recital.—­E.]

If the Dutch fortifications here are not formidable in themselves, they become so by their situation; for they are among morasses where the roads, which are nothing more than a bank thrown up between a canal and a ditch, may easily be destroyed, and consequently the approach of heavy artillery either totally prevented or greatly retarded:  For it would be exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, to transport them in boats, as they all muster every night under the guns of the castle, a situation from which it would be impossible for an enemy to take them.  Besides, in this country, delay is death; so that whatever retards an enemy, will destroy him.  In less than a week we were sensible of the unhealthiness of the climate; and in less than a month half the ship’s company were unable to do their duty.  We were told, that of a hundred soldiers who arrive here from Europe, it was a rare thing for fifty to survive the first year; that of those fifty, half would then be in the hospital, and not ten of the rest in perfect health:  Possibly this account may be exaggerated; but the pale and feeble wretches whom we saw crawling about with a musket, which they were scarcely able to carry, inclined us to believe that it was true.[138] Every white inhabitant of the town indeed is a soldier; the younger are constantly mustered, and those who have served five years are liable to be called out when their assistance is thought to be necessary; but as neither of them are ever exercised, or do any kind of duty, much cannot be expected from them.  The Portuguese, indeed, are in general good marksmen, because they employ themselves much in shooting wild-hogs and deer:  Neither the Mardykers nor the Chinese know the use of fire-arms; but as they are said to be brave, they might do much execution with their own weapons, swords, lances, and daggers.  The Mardykers are Indians of all nations, who are descended from free ancestors, or have themselves been made free.