[Footnote 43:  It appeared in a German translation as early as 1840.]

[Footnote 44:  Sto Literaturow, etc., edited by Smirdin, Petersb. 1840, etc.]

[Footnote 45:  See in Part IV.]

[Footnote 46:  In connection with this work stands the Grammar by the same writer, written in French:  Elemens de la Langue Georgienne, 1838.]

[Footnote 47:  There are a few honourable exceptions.  The work Essais philosophiques sur l’homme, publies par De Jakob, Halle 1818, although written in French, was the production of a Russian, the late writer Poletika, brother of the former Russian ambassador of that name in this country.]

[Footnote 48:  According to official reports, more than seven millions of volumes of Russian books were printed in the ten years from 1833 to 1843; and four and a half millions of foreign books were imported.  During the same ten years 784 new schools were established.  In 1842, there were in the Russian empire 2166 schools of all kinds; among them six universities.]

[Footnote 49:  F. Otto, History of Russian Literature, with a Lexicon of Russian Authors.  Translated from the German by the late G. Cox.  Oxford 1839.]

[Footnote 50:  See above, p. 51.]

[Footnote 51:  This was Ludolf’s Grammatica Russica et manuductio ad linguam Slavonicam, Oxon. 1696.—­ENGLISH Russian Grammars are, Novaya ross.  Gram. dlja Anglitshani, ’Russian Grammar for Englishmen,’ St. Petersburg, 1822.  Heard’s Practical Grammar of the Russian Language, St. Pet. 1827. 2 vols. 8vo.—­GERMAN Russian Grammars are:  Heym’s Russ.  Sprachlehre fuer Deutsche, Riga, 1789, 1794, 1804.  Vater’s Prakt.  Gramm. der russ.  Sprache, Leipz. 1808, 1814.  Tappe’s Neue russ.  Sprachlehre fuer Deutsche, St. Pet. 1810, 1814, 1820.  Schmidt’s Prakt. russ.  Grammattk, Leipz. 1813.  Puchmayer’s Lehrgebaeude der russ.  Sprache, last edit.  Prague 1843.  Gretsch, Grundregeln der russ.  Sprache, from the Russian by Oldekop, 1828.  The newest German-Russian Grammars are:  J.E.  Schmidt’s Russische Sprachlehre, und Leitfaden zur Erlernung, etc. Leipz. 1831. Noakovski Grammatica Rossiiskaya, Lipsk. 1836.  A Malo-Russian Grammar, Mala-Ross.  Grammatica, was published by Pawlofski, St. Pet. 1818.—­FRENCH Russian Grammars are:  Maudru’s Elemens raisonnes de la langue Russe, Paris 1802.  Langan’s Manual de la langue Russe, St. Pet. 1825.  Charpentier’s Elemens de la langue Russe, St. Pet. 1768 to 1805, five editions.  Gretsch, Grammaire raisonnee de la langue Russe, par Reiff, St. Pet. 1828.