[Footnote 34:  These affectionate feelings were gradually extended towards all the rivers of their ancient establishments.  Their ballads express a tender attachment to Mother Wolga, Mother Kamyshenka, Mother Tsarytzina, etc.]

[Footnote 35:  See above, p. 297.]

[Footnote 36:  Yessaul is the name of that officer among the Kozaks, who stands immediately under the Hetman.  The ballad refers to an incident which happened before 1648.  It is from Sreznevski’s Starina Zaporoshnaya, i.e. History of the Zaporoguean Kozaks, Kharkof 1837.]

[Footnote 37:  Probably John Wihowski, Hetman after Chmielnicki.  After the death of this latter, he fell off from Russia, and led the Kozaks back to Poland.  It seems it was he who occasioned Pushkar’s death.]

[Footnote 38:  Manuscript.]

[Footnote 39:  From Czelakowski’s Collection; see above, p. 216, n. 58.]

[Footnote 40:  From Sacharof’s Collection, St. Petersb. 1839.  Vol.  IV. p. 497.]

[Footnote 41:  The reader will find an elaborate essay on the popular poetry of the Ukraine in the Foreign Quarterly Review, Vol.  XXVI.  No. 51.  It was evidently written by one of the Polish exiles in England.  In it, however, a singular mistake is made as to the derivation of the appellation of the Zaporoguean Kozaks. Porog does not mean “Island” in any Slavic language.]

[Footnote 42:  See a description of this national dance in Wilkinson, Dalmatia and Montenegro, I, p. 399.]

[Footnote 43:  A Servian woman never would sit down in the presence of her husband.  At table she stands behind him, and waits on him and his guests.  Even the wife of prince Milosh did so; only with the restriction that she confined her services to her husband.  The Morlachians—­who seem indeed to be the rudest part of the Servian population—­do not mention their wives to a stranger without adding:  “With your permission.”]

[Footnote 44:  The reader will find a description of a Morlachian wedding in Wilkinson, Vol.  II. p. 164 sq.  For a fuller account, see Volkslieder der Serben, von Talvj, Vol.  II.  Introduction.]

[Footnote 45:  Servian popular poetry has properly no rhymes; but wherever a rhyme occasionally occurs, it appears to be welcome; so in this little piece, which is faithfully conformed to the original.  All our specimens of the Servian “female” songs are taken from the first volume of Vuk’s Collection.  See above, p. 115.]

[Footnote 46:  For more specimens see Bowring’s Servian Popular Poetry, Lond. 1827.  These little songs are there made much more attractive by giving them an English dress with rhymes, and accommodating them to the English way of feeling and expressing feelings; a proceeding which we have purposely avoided, because our only object is a faithful translation.  Dr. Bowring has moreover translated mainly from our German translation.]