[Footnote 16:  Dobrovsky’s Slavin, 1834, p. 113.]

[Footnote 17:  Werke, Ausgabe letzter Hand, Vol.  XLVI. p. 332.]

[Footnote 18:  In those four of our Russian specimens marked P, the translation is by J.G.  Percival.]

[Footnote 19:  Page 323.]

[Footnote 20:  See above, p. 64.]

[Footnote 21:  We say, ‘to judge from the language.’  But their coincidence with Bohemian ballads of the thirteenth century, and various other indications (e.g. their frequent mention of the Danube), seem to vindicate, for their groundwork at least, a very high antiquity.]

[Footnote 22:  Stimmen des Russischen Volkes, von P.v.  Goetze, Stuttg. 1848.]

[Footnote 23:  Slavery in Russia is comparatively of modern date.]

[Footnote 24:  Pjesni Russkawo Naroda, St. Petersb. 1837-39, Vol.  IV. p. 29.—­We would remark here, that all our specimens are translated, not by means of the German, but from the original languages, and that all the originals are (or have been) in our possession.  It would have been easy to embellish these simple songs by little additions or omissions, the rhymeless ones by rhyme, and the rhymed ones by more regularity; but we could not possibly have done it without impairing the fidelity of such a version.]

[Footnote 25:  Both these are bad omens for a Russian girl.]

[Footnote 26:  Names of the street and gate in Moscow, through which formerly criminals were led to execution.]

[Footnote 27:  Buinaya golowushka, that is, the fierce, rebellious, impetuous head, and mogutshiya pletsha, or strong shoulders, are standing expressions in Russia, in reference to a young hero; the former, especially, when there is allusion to some traitorous action.]

[Footnote 28:  Sacharof’s Collection, Vol.  IV. p. 218; see p. 346.]

[Footnote 29:  That is, the Russian governments Kief, Pultava, Tshernigof, Kharkof, and Yekatrinoslav.  The latter, the cradle of the present population of Malo-Russia, belongs, according to the present geographical division of the Russian empire, to Southern Russia.]

[Footnote 30:  The Polish poet Bogdjanski is said to have collected in the government of Pultava alone towards 8000!  A great many of these consist, of course, only in variations of the same theme, owing to the failing memory of the singer.  Maximovitch’s Collection contains several thousand pieces.]

[Footnote 31:  Volkslieder der Polen gesammelt und uebersezt, von W.P. Leipzig 1833.  It ought to have been called Songs of the Ruthenian people in Poland.]

[Footnote 32:  The origin of this polite appellation is its rise in the Ivanovskoi Lake.]

[Footnote 33:  Towards the close of the eighteenth century, Catharine II induced great numbers of the Zaporoguean Kozaks to move to the northern shore of the Kuban, east of the Black Sea or Tshernayamora, in order to protect the border against the Circassians.  They are hence called Tshernomorskii, or Black Sea Kozaks.]