GRAMMARS:  in German, Krumholz Polnische Grammatik, Breslau 1797, 6th edit. Auszug aus Kopczynski’s Grammatik, von Polsfuss, Breslau 1794, Mrongovius Poln.  Sprachlehre, Koenigsb 1794, and in several altered editions, under different titles; last edition Danzig 1836.  Szumski’s Poln.  Gramm. Posen 1830.  Vater’s Grammatik der Poln.  Sprache, Halle 1807.  Bantkie Poln.  Grammatik attached to his Dictionary, Breslau 1808-1824.  Szrzeniawa Wortforschungslehre der polnischen Sprache, Lemberg and Lemgo 1842-43.  Poplinski Polnische Grammatik, Lissa 1836; last edition 1840.  Stostakowskiego Polska Gramm.  Trzemeszne 1846.  Schieweck Grammatik der.  Polnischen Sprache, Fraustadt and Neustadt 1847.  In French, Kopczynski Essai d’une grammaire Polonaise, Wars. 1807.  Trambczynski Grammatique raisonnee de la langue Polonaise, new edit.  Warsaw 1793.

DICTIONARIES, in German and French.  The most useful are, Mrongovius Handwoerterbuch der Poln.  Sprachte, latest edit.  Danz. 1823.  Troc Franz-poln.-deutsches Woerterbuch in several editions from 1742 to 1821.  J.V.  Bantkie Taschenwoerterbuch der Poln.  Sprache, (German and French,) Breslau and Wars. in several editions from 1805 to 1819.  Slownik Francusko-Polski, Dictionaire Polonais Francais, Berlin and Leipzig 1839-45. Dict.  Polonais-Francais, 2 vols. 18mo.  Paris 1844.  J.A.E.  Schmidt, Nouveau Dictionaire portatif Francais et Polonais, Zerbst 1817. Polnisch-Deutsches Taschenwoerterbuch, von Jordan, Leipzig 1845.—­Standard works for the language are the etymological dictionaries:  G.S.  Bantkie Slownik dokladny iez. pol. i. niem.  Breslau 1806, and Linde’s Slownik iez. pol.  Wars. 1807-14.  For other philological works, see Schaflarik’s Geschichte der Slav.  Spr. p 410.]

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CHAPTER III.

LANGUAGES OF THE SORABIAN-VENDES IN LUSATIA, AND OF OTHER VENDISH TRIBES NOW EXTINCT.

The north-eastern part of Germany, as far west as the Elbe and Saale, was, from the fifth to the tenth century, almost exclusively inhabited by nations of the Slavic race.  Various Teutonic tribes—­among them the Burgundians, the Suevi, Heruli, and Hermunduri—­had before this taken up their temporary residence along the Baltic, between the Vistula and the Elbe.  In the great migration of the Asiatic-European nations, which for nearly two centuries kept in motion all Europe from the Icy Ocean to the Atlantic, and extended even to the north of Africa, the warlike German nations moved towards the south-west, and Slavic tribes traversing the Danube and Vistula, in immense multitudes, took possession of the countries which they left.  Those who came over the northern Vistula, settled along the coasts of the Baltic as far west as to the Elbe and Saale, and as far south as to the Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains) on the borders of Bohemia.