[Footnote 20:  Preface to Vuk’s Servian Grammar, p. xxiii.]

[Footnote 21:  See Schaffarik, Geschichte, p. 414, Bautkie’s Geschichte der Krakauer Buchdruckereyen.]

[Footnote 22:  It was afterwards reinstated in the form of a large gymnasium by one of chancellor Zamoyski’s descendants, and removed to Szczebrzeszyn.  See Letter on Poland, Edinb. 1823, p. 95.]

[Footnote 23:  See Schaffarik, Geschichte, p. 426.]

[Footnote 24:  Whether Copernicus is to be called a Pole or a German has been and is still a matter of dispute, and has been managed on the side of the Poles with the utmost bitterness and passion.  The Poles have recently given expression to their claim upon him by erecting to him a monument at Cracow, and celebrating the third centennial anniversary of the completion of his system of the world, which took place in A.D. 1530.  Let the question respecting Copernicus be decided as it may, Poland may doubtless lay claim to many other eminent natural philosophers as her sons; e.g.  Vitellio-Ciolek, who was the first in Europe to investigate the theory of light, in the beginning of the thirteenth century; Brudzewski, the teacher of Copernicus; Martinus of Olkusz, the proper author of the new or Gregorian calendar, which was introduced sixty-four years after him, etc.]

[Footnote 25:  See Macherzynski’s Geschichte der Luteinischen Sprache in Polen, Cracow 1833.  Dr. Connor in his History of Poland, 1698, speaking of the following period, says, that even the common people in Poland spoke Latin, and that his servant used to speak with him in that language.  See Letters on Poland, Edinb. 1823 p 108.]

[Footnote 26:  De originibus et rebus gestis Polonorum, lib.  XXX.]

[Footnote 27:  Psalterz Dawidow s modlitwami, 1555.]

[Footnote 28:  The Polish works of this poet, who is still considered as the chief ornament of the Polish Parnassus, were first collected in four volumes, Cracow 1584-90.  After going through several editions, they have recently been printed at Breslau, 1894, in a stereotype edition.  Bowring gives among his ‘Specimens’ some of the sweetest pieces of Kochanowski.]

[Footnote 29:  The oldest edition extant of his Polish pastorals, was printed at Zamosc, 1614, under the title Sielanki.  They were last printed, together with other eclogues, in the collection of Mostowski, Sielanki Polskie, Warsaw 1805.  There are some specimens of his poetry in Bowring’s work.]

[Footnote 30:  This latter was honoured by his countrymen with the title of the Sarmatian Ovid; but his pieces, according to Bowring, are not only licentious, but also vulgar.  See Specimen of the Polish Poets, p. 29.]

[Footnote 31:  The same individual has been mentioned as a Bohemian writer; see above, p. 193.]

[Footnote 32, 33, 34:  See above, p. 237, 238, n. 18.]

[Footnote 35:  This work was first printed at Cracow in 1597, under the title Kronika Polska.  The first part of it was republished at Warsaw in 1832, forming the sixth volume of the great collection of ancient Polish authors published by the bookseller Galezowski.]