[Footnote 11:  This song, called Boga Rodzica, can be named a war-song, only because the Poles used to sing it when advancing to battle.  It is rather a prayer to the Virgin, ending with a sixfold Amen.  In a poetical respect it has no value.  It is printed in Bowring’s Specimens of the Polish Poets, p. 12; together with the music, copied from a manuscript which is said to be from the twelfth century.  No translation is added.  It is remarkable that this hymn is still sung, or at least was so in the year 1812, in the churches of the places where St. Adalbert lived and died, viz. at Kola and Gnesen.  Niemcewicz, who published it, states that he himself heard it at that time at the latter place.]

[Footnote 12:  See Schaffarik’s Geschichte der Slav.  Sprache, p. 421.]

[Footnote 13:  A History of the University of Cracow was recently published by Prof.  Muczkowski, under the modest title:  Mieszkania i postepowanie, etc. i.e.  ’On the dwellings and the conduct of the Students of the University of Cracow in former centuries,’ Cracow 1842.  Vol.  I. The work was planned for ten volumes.]

[Footnote 14:  Aelteste Denkmaeler der Polnischen Sprache, Wien 1838.]

[Footnote 15:  Dobrovsky’s Slovanka, Vol.  II. p. 237.]

[Footnote 16:  His Chronicon Polonorum was reprinted at Warsaw in 1824; together with Vincent Kadlubeck’s Res gestae principum ac regum Poloniae.]

[Footnote 17:  Among these sects were the Unitarians, called also Anti-trinitarians, modern Arians, and afterwards Socinians.  They called themselves Polish Brethren.  Their principal school and printing office was at Racow; several of their teachers were distinguished for learning, their communities were wealthy and flourishing, and not a few of the highest families of Poland belonged to them.  The doctrines of the two exiled Italians, Lelio and Fausto Socini, uncle and nephew, found among them only a conditional approbation; most of them were unwilling to receive Fausto, who developed his views more openly than his uncle, into their community.  Internal dissensions were the result, and the establishment of new and smaller congregations.  A disturbance among the Students at Racow in 1638, gave to the Catholics and to the other Protestants a welcome pretext for persecuting them; in 1658 their denomination was ultimately suppressed, and the choice left to them between the adoption of the Roman Catholic religion or exile within three years.  A part of them emigrated to Germany, where they were soon merged in other Protestant denominations; others went to Transylvania, where the Unitarians, about fifty thousand in number, belonged and still belong to the denominations acknowledged by the state, and enjoy all civil rights.  They have two high schools, at Klausenburg and at Thoarda; but are far from being distinguished for learning.  See Meusel’s Staatengeschicte, p. 555.  Lubienieci Historia Reformationis Polanicae, etc. etc.]