New works of travels have been written by Kraszewski and Holawinski; the former describing the South of Russia, and the latter his pilgrimage to the Holy Land; both were published in 1845.  A book of travels on Siberia, a land so seldom chosen for a tour of pleasure, had preceded them.[80]

Modern history, we have said, cannot be expected to be written in Poland.  This remark leads us at once to the literature of Polish Emigrants, as it is generally called, which has sprung up in Paris.  Since the revolution of 1830, this capital has been the principal seat of Polish literary activity.  One of the first works of importance published there was Maurice Mochnacki’s History of the Polish insurrection; which excited among his own countrymen a new and passionate feud.  Mochnacki’s name had been favourably known as the author of a work on the Polish literature of the nineteenth century;[81] and as the able editor of several periodicals.  His political misfortunes, however, and especially the circumstance that he had been compelled to appear alternately as the tool of the grand duke Constantine, and as the victim of his hatred, made him a subject of distrust to his countrymen, although he had fought with bravery in the revolution.  He died in France when not yet thirty years old.  His scattered writings were published in 1836 by A. Jelowicki, one of the patriotic family of that name; who had been deeply implicated in the revolution, and lived as fugitives in Paris.  A printing office, which they have founded there, serves for the publication of Polish works.

Another work on the recent events was written by Wratnowski, who published a history of the insurrection in Volhynia, Paris. 1837.  An animated picture of the time, which appeared three years ago under the title, “Representation of the national spirit in Poland.” by Ojczyczniak,[82] exhibits strong passions in the author; a glowing and certainly not unnatural hatred against the great powers; but a still more violent one against his democratic countrymen, to whom he imputes the perdition of the good cause.  A history of the Polish insurrection, published by S.B.  Gnorowski in the English language.  Lond. 1839, is written in the same violent and prejudiced spirit.

The Slavic press in Paris has been especially productive in periodicals; all of them replete with passion and hatred against their oppressors; some of them conducted not without talent.  The Revue Slave, the Mlada Polska, (young Poland), the Cronika, Emigracyi Polskiej (Polish Emigrant’s Chronicle), and the Polish Vademecum edited by N.U.  Hoffmann, may be named here.  From the latter we learn, that, from 1831 to 1837 among the Polish emigrants in France, nine died in duels and fourteen by suicide.