[Footnote 53:  See Schloezer’s edition of Nestor, Vol.  II. p. 76, 97. Jazyk signifies in Slavic, lingua, tongue.]

[Footnote 59:  See Geschichte der sl.  Spr. p. 383.]

[Footnote 60:  Pages 199, 205.]

[Footnote 61:  The same individual who caused the Dalmatian Bible to be printed; see p. 131 above.]

[Footnote 62:  These two individuals of the same baptismal and family names, George Palkowicz, both following the same pursuits, and both not without desert in respect to their countrymen, but nevertheless serving opposite interests according to their different views, must not be confounded.  Professor Palkowicz prepared a new edition of the Bohemian Bible for the Slovaks; see p. 205 above.  Canon Palkowicz translated the Scriptures into the Slovakian dialect.  Professor P. published a Bohemian dictionary, see pp. 205, 212; Canon P. the fourth volume of Bernolak’s Slovakian lexicon, as said in the text above.]

[Footnote 63:  See pp. 199, 205.]

[Footnote 64:  There does not yet exist a philological work, from which a complete knowledge of the Slovakian language, in its different dialects, could be obtained.  The following works of Bernolak regard chiefly the Slovakish-Moravian dialect:  Grammatica Slavica, Posonii 1790. Dissertatio de literis Slavorum, Posonii 1783. Etymologia vocum Slavicarum, Tyrnau 1791. Lexicon Slav.  Lot.  Germ.  Hung. Buda 1825.]

CHAPTER II.

HISTORY OF THE POLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.

The regions of the Baltic and Lower Vistula, after the Goths and Vandals had finally left them, were occupied, towards the fourth century, by the Lettonians and Lithuanians, who are according to some historians Slavic, and according to others Finnic-Scythic tribes.[1] It appears, that the various nations which inhabited this country were by the ancients comprised under the name of Sarmatae.  In the sixth, or according to others, in the seventh century, the Lekhes, a people kindred to the Czekhes, and coming like them from the Carpathian regions, whence they were urged forwards by the Bulgarians, settled on the banks of the Vistula and Varta.  Lekh (Ljakh) signified in old Bohemian a free and noble man, and had this meaning still in the fourteenth century.[2] The Lekhes were divided into several tribes, of which, according to Nestor, at first only those who settled on the vast plains, polie, of the Ukraine, were called Polyane, Poles, i.e. inhabitants of the plain.  The tribes which occupied Masovia were called Masovshane; the Lekhes who went to Pomerania, Pomoriane, etc.  The specific name of Poles, as applied to all the Lekhish tribes together, does not appear until the close of the tenth century, when the generic appellation of Lekhes or Ljakhes had perished.  In the year 840, the chiefs of the different tribes