and several theological works.  J. Wartowsky likewise translated the Old Testament from the Hebrew and left it in manuscript; but his version has never been published.  Of his translation of Erasmus’ Paraphrase of the Gospels, only that of the Gospel of Matthew has been printed.  Among the Bohemian Brethren, Augusta surnamed Pileator, ob. 1572, Stranensky, the above-mentioned Blahoslav, Zamrsky, ob. 1592, were distinguished by great erudition.  They and many others wrote voluminous works on theological subjects, e.g. biblical researches, systematic divinity, sermons, etc.  Several of these writers, and also many others, were authors of numerous religious hymns; among which not a few are still considered as unsurpassed in any language.  Nicholas Klaudian, who was at the same time physician, printer, and theologian, wrote an apology in favour of the Brethren.  This individual, who, besides being the printer and editor of several medical works written by himself and others, was in part the translator of Seneca and Lactantius, has further the merit of having published in 1518 the first map of Bohemia.  Luther’s sermons and other writings were translated into Bohemian; and the religious affairs of Germany began to excite an intense interest among all classes.

The theological productions of this period written by Roman Catholics—­among which we distinguish the names of Pishek surnamed Scribonius, Makawsky, and the Jesuits Sturm and Hostowin—­are mostly of a polemical character; while some also are translations of the fathers, especially of Augustine’s writings; or original ascetic productions in the form of allegorical novels.  Among the Utraquists several individuals were celebrated as preachers; above all Ctibor Kotwa, who was called the Bohemian Cicero, and Dicastus Mirkowsky.  Others wrote theological treatises and interpretations of portions of the Scriptures.  Such were Beransky, author of an interpretation of Daniel, of the gospels, and the epistles; Orliczny, or, as he is called in Latin, Aquilinas, known chiefly as a translator of the classics;[32] Turnowsky, a Slovak by birth; Bydzhowsky, Bilegowsky the writer of a Bohemian church history and of a history of the Hussites and Picardites; Rwaczowsky, Zeletawsky, Tesak, author of many popular religious hymns; Palma, who published towards twenty theological works; Peshina, Maurenin, and Borowsky, who wrote interpretations of the epistles and gospels; Wrbensky, author of a biblical Synopsis, a Harmony, etc.; Rosacius Sushishky, distinguished as a Latin poet; Martin of Drazow, Jacobides Stribrsky, Jakesius Prerowsky. and others.[33]