Directly opposite to Newark, upon a neck of land projecting partly across the mouth of the river, which is here 875 yards in width, stands the American fort of Niagara, the scene of so many conflicts.  It was built by the French in 1751; taken by us in 1759;[51] and, along with several other frontier posts, ceded to the United States in 1794; and, though since taken, has again been ceded to the same power.  Fort Niagara, unlike any of the Canadian forts along that frontier, is a regular fortification, built of stone, on the land side, with breast works, and every necessary appendage.  It mounts between twenty and thirty heavy pieces of ordnance, and contains a furnace for heating shot.

The strait of Niagara is about 36 miles in length; and its shores, on both sides, were, more or less, the scenes of active warfare during the whole period of hostilities.  Lake Ontario, to which the strait leads, is in length, from west to east, 171, in breadth 50, and in circumference 467 miles.  The depth of water varies much, it being in some places three or four, in others fifty fathoms:  towards the centre three hundred fathoms of line have, it is said, not found the bottom.  York harbour lies on the north side of Lake Ontario; is nearly circular, of about a mile and a half in diameter, and formed by a narrow peninsula extending to Gibraltar Point, upon which a blockhouse has been erected.  The town of York, (now called Toronto,) the infant capital of Upper Canada, is in lat. 43 deg. 35’ north, and long. 78 deg. 30’ west, and is distant from Fort George by water about 30 miles.  The public buildings consisted of a government house, the house of assembly, a church, court-house, and a gaol, with numerous stores belonging to government.  Kingston harbour is situate at the eastern extremity of Lake Ontario.  It contains good anchorage in three fathoms water, and was defended by a small battery of 9-pounders on Mississaga Point, and another, of the same metal chiefly, on Point Frederick.  The town, which was the largest and most populous in the Upper Province, contained about 370 houses; including several buildings and stores belonging to government.  Its distance from York is 145, from Montreal, in an opposite direction, 198, and from Quebec 378 miles.  Opposite to, and distant about half a mile from, the town, is a long low peninsula, forming the west side of Navy Bay, the principal naval depot of the British on this lake, and where the ships of war were constructed.

Of the American military posts on Lake Ontario, the principal one is Sackett’s harbour, distant from Kingston, by the ship channel, 35 miles.  The harbour is small but well sheltered.  From the north-west runs out a low point of land, upon which was the dock yard with large store houses, and all the buildings requisite for such an establishment.  Upon this point there was a strong work called Fort Tompkins, having within it a blockhouse two stories high:  on the land side it was covered by a strong