teachers, pupils and janitors, old pupils and young, good pupils and bad, must feel one to another an indestructible loyalty.  Such loyalty is merely the subjective aspect of their inevitable mutual association; it is merely the recognition that as a worldly body they must all live or die and conquer or fail together.  The existence of an invincible loyalty is a condition of the perpetuity of the school.  The man who believes himself wise is always tempted to ignore or undervalue the foolish brethren.  The man who believes himself good is always tempted actively to dislike the perverse brethren.  The man who insists at any cost upon having his own way is always twisting the brethren into his friends or his enemies.  But the teaching of the national school constantly tends to diminish these causes of disloyalty.  Its tendency is to convert traditional patriotism into a patient devotion to the national ideal, and into a patient loyalty towards one’s fellow-countrymen as the visible and inevitable substance through which that ideal is to be expressed.

In the foregoing characteristic of a democratic nation, we reach the decisive difference between a nation which is seeking to be wholly democratic and a nation which is content to be semi-democratic.  In the semi-democratic nation devotion to the national ideal does not to the same extent sanctify the citizen’s relation in feeling and in idea to his fellow-countrymen.  The loyalty demanded by the national ideal of such a country may imply a partly disloyal and suspicious attitude towards large numbers of political associates.  The popular and the national interests must necessarily in some measure diverge.  In a nationalized democracy or a democratic nation the corresponding dilemma is mitigated.  The popular interest can only be efficiently expressed in a national policy and organization.  The national interest is merely a more coherent and ameliorating expression of the popular interest.  Its consistency, so far as it is consistent, is the reflection of a more humanized condition of human nature.  It increases with the increasing power of its citizens to deal fairly and to feel loyally towards their fellow-countrymen; and it cannot increase except through the overthrow of the obstacles to fair dealing and loyal feeling.

The responsibility and loyalty which the citizens of a democratic nation must feel one towards another is comprehensive and unmitigable; but the actual behavior which at any one time the national welfare demands must, of course, be specially and carefully discriminated.  National policies and acts will be welcome to some citizens and obnoxious to others, according to their special interests and opinions; and the citizens whose interests and ideas are prejudiced thereby have every right and should be permitted every opportunity to protest in the most vigorous and persistent manner.  The nation may, however, on its part demand that these protests, in order to be heeded and respected, must