[Footnote 1:  SAMUEL LAING—­Notes of Traveller, on the Social and Political State of France, Prussia, Switzerland, Italy, and other Parts of Europe, p. 55.]

The same kindly feeling might be observed throughout the entire social intercourse of working men with each other.  There is not a moment in their lives in which the opportunity does not occur for exhibiting good manners—­in the workshop, in the street, and at home.  Provided there be a wish to please others by kind looks and ways, the habit of combining good manners with every action will soon be formed.  It is not merely the pleasure a man gives to others by being kind to them:  he receives tenfold more pleasure himself.  The man who gets up and offers his chair to a woman, or to an old man—­trivial though the act may seem,—­is rewarded by his own heart, and a thrill of pleasure runs through him the moment he has performed the kindness.

Workpeople need to practise good manners towards each other the more, because they are under the necessity of constantly living with each other and amongst each other.  They are in constant contact with their fellow-workmen, whereas the richer classes need not mix with men unless they choose, and then they can select whom they like.  The working man’s happiness depends much more upon the kind looks, words, and acts of those immediately about him, than the rich man’s does.  It is so in the workshop, and it is the same at home.  There the workman cannot retire into his study, but must sit amongst his family, by the side of his wife, with his children about him.  And he must either live kindly with them—­performing kind and obliging acts towards his family,—­or he must see, suffer, and endure the intolerable misery of reciprocal unkindness.

Admitted that there are difficulties in the way of working men cultivating the art of good manners—­that their circumstances are often very limited, and their position unfavourable, yet no man is so poor but that he can be civil and kind, if he choose; and to be civil and kind is the very essence of good manners.  Even in the most adverse circumstances a man may try to do his best.  If he do—­if he speak and act courteously and kindly to all,—­the result will be so satisfactory, so self-rewarding, that he cannot but be stimulated to persevere in the same course.  He will diffuse pleasure about him in the home, make friends of his work-fellows, and be regarded with increased kindness and respect by every right-minded employer.  The civil workman will exercise increased power amongst his class, and gradually induce them to imitate him by his persistent steadiness, civility, and kindness.  Thus Benjamin Franklin, when a workman, reformed the habits of an entire workshop.

Then, besides the general pleasure arising from the exercise of Good Manners, there is a great deal of healthful and innocent pleasure to be derived from amusements of various kinds.  One cannot be always working, eating, and sleeping.  There must be time for relaxation—­time for mental pleasures—­time for bodily exercise.