[305] Ibid. Appendix vii, p. 334

[306] The connection between Famine and Pestilence, and the Great Apostacy.  By Nagnatus, p. 49.  P.D.  Hardy, Dublin, 1847.  Halliday Pamphlets, Vol. 1990.

[307] The Achill Missionary Herald for August, 1846, p. 88.

[308] The Famine, a rod.  By the Rev. Hugh M’Neill, p. 23.

[309] The Famine, a rod, pp. 25, 26.  The capitals and italics are Mr. M’Neill’s.

[310] Letter quoted in “Forster’s Life of Dickens,” written in the Autumn of 1846.  Vol.  II. p. 233.

[311] “Journals, Conversations, and Essays relating to Ireland.” by Nassau William Senior.  Vol.  II., Second Edition, p. 60.

[312] “Memorandums made in Ireland in the Autumn of 1852.”  By John Forbes, M.D., F.R.S., Hon. D.C.L.  Oxon., Physician to Her Majesty’s Household.  Vol.  I. pp. 246 and 247.  Dr. Forbes was afterwards knighted.

[313] Letter of M’Carthy Downing, Esq., M.P., to the Author, dated Prospect House, Co.  Cork, August 31st, 1874.

(NOTE A.)—­ABSENTEEISM:  MR. M’CULLOGH’s DEFENCE OF IT EXAMINED.

The question of Irish Absenteeism has, for a long time, been discussed by politicians and political economists; some maintaining it to be a great evil; some admitting its injurious effects, but in a modified way only; whilst others, with Mr. J.R.  M’Culloch, maintain that, by the principles of economic science, Absenteeism is no evil at all.

Apart altogether from the views of political economists, there are certain evils which result from Absenteeism. 1.  There is that estrangement between landlord and tenant, which must naturally exist in cases where the tenant seldom or never sees his landlord; has no intercourse with him; is unacquainted with the sound of his voice, from which no word of kindly encouragement ever reaches him; never hears of him, except when the agent demands, in his name, the rent, which is to be sent to England, or to whatever foreign country he may reside in.  Even though the argument were true, that his living out of Ireland inflicts no real pecuniary loss upon Ireland, the impression on the tenant’s mind is different, and helps to increase the estrangement between him and his landlord, which so generally exists, and which all must lament as an evil. 2.  It is an old and a commonly accepted adage, that affairs thrive under the master’s eye, and that those things which he neither sees nor takes an interest in exhibit the signs of neglect.  As a resident landlord rides over his property, improvements will frequently suggest themselves to his mind; some of them often easily and inexpensively done, although important from their usefulness.  He is sure, at any rate, to know the condition of his estate, and he can, with a just discernment, encourage the industrious, help the weak, urge forward the slow, and have a friendly word for all, whether he approves, or is obliged to find fault.  The value of this mode of dealing