xi. 2, 1 Kings xv. 20), from which the Sea of Galilee took one of its names; Shemna, the site of which is uncertain; and Atmam, the Adami of Josh. xix. 33.  These are followed by Qasuna, in which we find the Kishion of Issachar (Josh. xix. 20); Shanam or Shunem, now Solam, north of Jezreel; Mash-al, the Misheal of Scripture; and Aksap or Ekdippa on the Phoenician coast.  Then after a name which cannot be identified we read those of Ta’anak, the Ta’anach of the Bible, the Ta’anuk of to-day; Ible’am, near which Ahaziah of Jadah was slain by the servants of Jehu; Gantu-Asna, “the garden of Asnah”; Lot-melech, “Lot of the king”; ’Aina, “the Spring”; and ’Aak or Acre.  From Acre we are taken along the coast southward to Rosh Kadesh, “the sacred headland” of Carmel, whose name follows immediately under the form of Karimna.  Next we have Beer, “the Well,” Shemesh-Atum, and Anakhertu.  Anakhertu is the Anaharath of Josh. xix. 19, which belonged to the tribe of Issachar.

Of Shemesh-Atum we hear again in one of the inscriptions of Amenophis III.  A revolt had broken out in the district of the Lebanon, and the king accordingly marched into Canaan to suppress it.  Shemesh-Atum was the first city to feel the effects of his anger, and he carried away from it eighteen prisoners and thirteen oxen.  The name of the town shows that it was dedicated to the Sun-god.  In Hebrew it would appear as Shemesh-Edom, and an Egyptian papyrus, now at Leyden, informs us that Atum or Edom was the wife of Resheph the Canaanitish god of fire and lightning.  In Shemesh-Atum or Shemesh-Edom we therefore have a compound name signifying that the Shemesh or Sun-god denoted by it was not the male divinity of the customary worship, but the Sun-goddess Edom.  In Israelitish times the second element in the compound seems to have been dropped; at all events it is probable that Shemesh-Atum was the Beth-Shemesh of the Old Testament (Josh. xix. 22), which is mentioned along with Anaharath as in the borders of Issachar.

After Anaharath come two unknown Ophrahs; then Khasbu and Tasult, called Khasabu and Tusulti in the Tel el-Amarna letters; then Negebu, perhaps the Nekeb of Galilee (Josh. xix. 33), Ashushkhen, Anam, and Yurza.  Yurza is now represented by the ruins of Yerza, south-eastward of Ta’anach, and there are letters from its governor in the Tel el-Amarna collection.  Its name is followed by those of Makhsa, Yapu or Joppa, and “the country of Gantu” or Gath.  Next we have Luthen or Ruthen, which is possibly Lydda, Ono, Apuqen, Suka or Socho, and Yahem.  Among the cartouches that follow we read the names of a Migdol, of Shebtuna, the modern Shebtin, of Naun which reminds us of the name of Joshua’s father, and of Haditha, now Haditheh, five miles to the west of Shebtin.