The king is seen in the act of seizing his prostrate
prisoners by the hair of their heads, and uplifting
his mace as if about to shatter their heads at a single
blow. At Karnak, along the whole length of the
outer wall, Seti I. pursues the Bedawin of Sinai.
At Medinet Habu Rameses III. destroys the fleet of
the peoples of the great sea, or receives the cut-off
hands of the Libyans, which his soldiers bring to
him as trophies. In the next scene, all is peace;
and we behold Pharaoh pouring out a libation of perfumed
water to his father Amen. It would seem as if
no link could be established between these subjects,
and yet the one is the necessary consequence of the
others. If the god had not granted victory to
the king, the king in his turn would not have performed
these ceremonies in the temple. The sculptor has
recorded the events in their order:—first
the victory, then the sacrifice. The favour of
the god precedes the thank-offering of the king.
Thus, on closer examination, we find this multitude
of episodes forming the several links of one continuous
chain, while every scene, including such as seem at
first sight to be wholly unexplained, represents one
stage in the development of a single action which
begins at the door, is carried through the various
halls, and penetrates to the farthest recesses of the
sanctuary. The king enters the temple. In
the courts, he is everywhere confronted by reminiscences
of his victories; and here the god comes forth to greet
him, hidden in his shrine and surrounded by priests.
The rites prescribed for these occasions are graven
on the walls of the hypostyle hall in which they were
performed. These being over, king and god together
take their way to the sanctuary. At the door
which leads from the public hall to the mysterious
part of the temple, the escort halts. The king
crosses the threshold alone, and is welcomed by the
gods. He then performs in due order all the sacred
ceremonies enjoined by usage. His merits increase
by virtue of his prayers; his senses become exalted;
he rises to the level of the divine type. Finally
he enters the sanctuary, where the god reveals himself
unwitnessed, and speaks to him face to face. The
sculptures faithfully reproduce the order of this
mystic presentation:—the welcoming reception
on the part of the god; the acts and offerings of the
king; the vestments which he puts on and off in succession;
the various crowns which he places on his head.
The prayers which he recites and the favours which
are conferred upon him are also recorded upon the
walls in order of time and place. The king, and
the few who accompany him, have their backs towards
the entrance and their faces towards the door of the
sanctuary. The gods, on the contrary, or at least
such as do not make part of the procession, face the
entrance, and have their backs turned towards the sanctuary.
If during the ceremony the royal memory failed, the
king needed but to raise his eyes to the wall, whereon
his duties were mapped out for him.