fashions which followed the fall of the Ramessides, and double and triple mummy cases, over-painted and over-gilded, were again in demand.  If the craftsmen of Graeco-Roman time who attired the dead of Ekhmim for their last resting places were less skilful than those of earlier date, their bad taste was, at all events, not surpassed by the Theban coffin-makers who lived and worked under the latest princes of the royal line of Rameses.

[Illustration:  Fig. 264.—­Panel portrait from the Graeco-Roman Cemetery at Hawara, now in the National Gallery, London. (Hawara, Biahmu, and Arsinoe, W.M.F.  Petrie, Plate X., page 10.)]

A series of Graeco-Roman examples from the Fayum exhibit the stages by which portraiture in the flat there replaced the modelled mask, until towards the middle of the second century A.D. it became customary to bandage over the face of the mummy a panel-portrait of the dead, as he was in life (fig. 264).

The remainder of the funerary outfit supplied the cabinet-maker with as much work as the coffin-maker.  Boxes of various shapes and sizes were required for the wardrobe of the mummy, for his viscera, and for his funerary statuettes.  He must also have tables for his meals; stools, chairs, a bed to lie upon, a boat and sledge to convey him to the tomb, and sometimes even a war-chariot and a carriage in which to take the air.[71] The boxes for canopic vases, funerary statuettes, and libation-vases, are divided in several compartments.  A couchant jackal is sometimes placed on the top, and serves for a handle by which to take off the lid.  Each box was provided with its own little sledge, upon which it was drawn in the funeral procession on the day of burial.  Beds are not very uncommon.  Many are identical in structure with the Nubian angarebs, and consist merely of some coarse fabric, or of interlaced strips of leather, stretched on a plain wooden frame.  Few exceed fifty-six inches in length; the sleeper, therefore, could never lie outstretched, but must perforce assume a doubled-up position.  The frame is generally horizontal, but sometimes it slopes slightly downwards from the head to the foot.  It was often raised to a considerable height above the level of the floor, and a stool, or a little portable set of steps, was used in mounting it.  These details were known to us by the wall-paintings only until I myself discovered two perfect specimens in 1884 and 1885; one at Thebes, in a tomb of the Thirteenth Dynasty, and the other at Ekhmim, in the Graeco-Roman necropolis.  In the former, two accommodating lions have elongated their bodies to form the framework, their heads doing duty for the head of the bed, and their tails being curled up under the feet of the sleeper.

[Illustration:  Fig. 265.—­Carved and painted mummy canopy.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 266.—­Canopied mummy-couch, Graeco-Roman.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 267.—­Mummy-sledge and canopy.]