feet if required, as upon a pedestal. In the
other type of sarcophagus, the deceased lies at full
length upon his tomb, and his figure, sculptured in
the round, serves as the lid of his mummy-case.
On his head is seen the ponderous wig of the period.
A white linen vest and a long petticoat cover his
chest and legs. His feet are shod with elegant
sandals. His arms lie straight along his sides,
or are folded upon his breast, the hands grasping
various emblems, as the Ankh, the girdle-buckle,
the Tat;[69] or, as in the case of the wife
of Sennetmu at Gizeh, a garland of ivy. This
mummiform type of sarcophagus is rarely met with under
the Memphite dynasties, though that of Menkara, the
Mycerinus of the Greeks, affords a memorable example.
Under the Eleventh Dynasty, the mummy-case is frequently
but a hollowed tree-trunk, roughly sculptured outside,
with a head at one end and feet at the other.
The face is daubed with bright colours, yellow, red,
and green; the wig and headdress are striped with
black and blue, and an elaborate collar is depicted
on the breast. The rest of the case is either
covered with the long, gilded wings of Isis and Nephthys,
or with a uniform tint of white or yellow, and sparsely
decorated with symbolic figures, or columns of hieroglyphs
painted blue and black. Among the sarcophagi
belonging to kings of the Seventeenth Dynasty which
I recovered from Deir el Bahari, the most highly finished
belonged to this type, and were only remarkable for
the really extraordinary skill with which the craftsman
had reproduced the features of the deceased sovereigns.
The mask of Ahmes I., that of Amenhotep I., and that
of Thothmes II., are masterpieces in their way.
The mask of Rameses II. shows no sign of paint, except
a black line which accentuates the form of the eye.
The face is doubtless modelled in the likeness of the
Pharaoh Herhor, who restored the funerary outfit of
his puissant ancestor, and it will almost bear comparison
with the best works of contemporary sculpture (fig.
262). Two mummy-cases found in the same place—namely,
those of Queen Ahmesnefertari and her daughter, Aahhotep
II.—are of gigantic size, and measure more
than ten and a half feet in height (fig. 263).
Standing upright, they might almost be taken for two
of the caryatid statues from the first court at Medinet
Habu, though on a smaller scale. The bodies are
represented as bandaged, and but vaguely indicate the
contours of the human form. The shoulders and
bust of each are covered with a kind of network in
relief, every mesh standing out in blue upon a yellow
ground. The hands emerge from this mantle, are
crossed upon the breast, and grasp the Ankh,
or Tau-cross, symbolic of eternal life. The heads
are portraits. The faces are round, the eyes
large, the expression mild and characterless.
Each is crowned with the flat-topped cap and lofty
plumes of Amen or Maut. We cannot but wonder
for what reason these huge receptacles were made.