Manual of Egyptian Archaeology and Guide to the Study of Antiquities in Egypt eBook

Gaston Maspero
This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 305 pages of information about Manual of Egyptian Archaeology and Guide to the Study of Antiquities in Egypt.

Manual of Egyptian Archaeology and Guide to the Study of Antiquities in Egypt eBook

Gaston Maspero
This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 305 pages of information about Manual of Egyptian Archaeology and Guide to the Study of Antiquities in Egypt.
feet if required, as upon a pedestal.  In the other type of sarcophagus, the deceased lies at full length upon his tomb, and his figure, sculptured in the round, serves as the lid of his mummy-case.  On his head is seen the ponderous wig of the period.  A white linen vest and a long petticoat cover his chest and legs.  His feet are shod with elegant sandals.  His arms lie straight along his sides, or are folded upon his breast, the hands grasping various emblems, as the Ankh, the girdle-buckle, the Tat;[69] or, as in the case of the wife of Sennetmu at Gizeh, a garland of ivy.  This mummiform type of sarcophagus is rarely met with under the Memphite dynasties, though that of Menkara, the Mycerinus of the Greeks, affords a memorable example.  Under the Eleventh Dynasty, the mummy-case is frequently but a hollowed tree-trunk, roughly sculptured outside, with a head at one end and feet at the other.  The face is daubed with bright colours, yellow, red, and green; the wig and headdress are striped with black and blue, and an elaborate collar is depicted on the breast.  The rest of the case is either covered with the long, gilded wings of Isis and Nephthys, or with a uniform tint of white or yellow, and sparsely decorated with symbolic figures, or columns of hieroglyphs painted blue and black.  Among the sarcophagi belonging to kings of the Seventeenth Dynasty which I recovered from Deir el Bahari, the most highly finished belonged to this type, and were only remarkable for the really extraordinary skill with which the craftsman had reproduced the features of the deceased sovereigns.  The mask of Ahmes I., that of Amenhotep I., and that of Thothmes II., are masterpieces in their way.  The mask of Rameses II. shows no sign of paint, except a black line which accentuates the form of the eye.  The face is doubtless modelled in the likeness of the Pharaoh Herhor, who restored the funerary outfit of his puissant ancestor, and it will almost bear comparison with the best works of contemporary sculpture (fig. 262).  Two mummy-cases found in the same place—­namely, those of Queen Ahmesnefertari and her daughter, Aahhotep II.—­are of gigantic size, and measure more than ten and a half feet in height (fig. 263).  Standing upright, they might almost be taken for two of the caryatid statues from the first court at Medinet Habu, though on a smaller scale.  The bodies are represented as bandaged, and but vaguely indicate the contours of the human form.  The shoulders and bust of each are covered with a kind of network in relief, every mesh standing out in blue upon a yellow ground.  The hands emerge from this mantle, are crossed upon the breast, and grasp the Ankh, or Tau-cross, symbolic of eternal life.  The heads are portraits.  The faces are round, the eyes large, the expression mild and characterless.  Each is crowned with the flat-topped cap and lofty plumes of Amen or Maut.  We cannot but wonder for what reason these huge receptacles were made. 
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Manual of Egyptian Archaeology and Guide to the Study of Antiquities in Egypt from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.