(Saite) found at Hawara, show what the Egyptians could
have achieved in this branch of the art if they had
cared to cultivate it. Funerary cones were objects
purely devotional, and the most consummate art could
have done nothing to make them elegant. A funerary
cone consists of a long, conical mass of clay, stamped
at the larger end with a few rows of hieroglyphs stating
the name, parentage, and titles of the deceased, the
whole surface being coated with a whitish wash.
These are simulacra of votive cakes intended for the
eternal nourishment of the Double. Many of the
vases buried in tombs of this period are painted to
imitate alabaster, granite, basalt, bronze, and even
gold; and were cheap substitutes for those vases made
in precious materials which wealthy mourners were
wont to lavish on their dead. Among those especially
intended to contain water or flowers, some are covered
with designs drawn in red and black (fig. 221), such
as concentric lines and circles (fig. 222), meanders,
religious emblems (fig. 223), cross-lines resembling
network, festoons of flowers and buds, and long leafy
stems carried downward from the neck to the body of
the vase, and upward from the body of the vase to
the neck. Those in the tomb of Sennetmu were decorated
on one side with a large necklace, or collar, like
the collars found upon mummies, painted in very bright
colours to simulate natural flowers or enamels.
Canopic vases in baked clay, though rarely met with
under the Eighteenth Dynasty, became more and more
common as the prosperity of Thebes declined. The
heads upon the lids are for the most part prettily
turned, especially the human heads.[57] Modelled with
the hand, scooped out to diminish the weight, and
then slowly baked, each was finally painted with the
colours especially pertaining to the genius whose
head was represented. Towards the time of the
Twentieth Dynasty, it became customary to enclose the
bodies of sacred animals in vases of this type.
Those found near Ekhmim contain jackals and hawks;
those of Sakkarah are devoted to serpents, eggs, and
mummified rats; those of Abydos hold the sacred ibis.
These last are by far the finest. On the body
of the vase, the protecting goddess Khuit is depicted
with outspread wings, while Horus and Thoth are seen
presenting the bandage and the unguent vase; the whole
subject being painted in blue and red upon a white
ground. From the time of the Greek domination,
the national poverty being always on the increase,
baked clay was much used for coffins as well as for
canopic vases. In the Isthmus of Suez, at Ahnas
el Medineh, in the Fayum, at Asuan, and in Nubia,
we find whole cemeteries in which the sarcophagi are
made of baked clay. Some are like oblong boxes
rounded at each end, with a saddle-back lid.
Some are in human form, but barbarous in style, the
heads being surmounted by a pudding-shaped imitation
of the ancient Egyptian head-dress, and the features
indicated by two or three strokes of the modelling
tool or the thumb. Two little lumps of clay stuck
awkwardly upon the breast indicate the coffin of a
woman. Even in these last days of Egyptian civilisation,
it was only the coarsest objects which were left of
the natural hue of the baked clay. As of old,
the surfaces were, as a rule, overlaid with a coat
of colour, or with a richly gilded glaze.