[42] The classic Syene, from all time the southernmost portion of Egypt
    proper.  The Sixth Dynasty is called the Elephantine, from the island
    immediately facing Syene which was the traditional seat of the
    Dynasty, and on which the temples stood.  The tombs of Elephantine were
    discovered by General Sir F. Grenfell, K.C.B., in 1885, in the
    neighbouring cliffs of the Libyan Desert:  see foot-note p. 149.—­
    A.B.E.

[43] For an explanation of the nature of the Double, see Chapter III., pp.
    111-112, 121 et seq.

[44] Known as the “Scribe accroupi,” literally the “Squatting Scribe”; but
    in English, squatting, as applied to Egyptian art, is taken to mean
    the attitude of sitting with the knees nearly touching the chin. 
    —­A.B.E.

[45] “The Sheikh of the Village.”  This statue was best known in England as
    the “Wooden Man of Bulak.”—­A.B.E.

[46] The Greek Chephren.

[47] I venture to think that the heads of Rahotep and Nefert, engraved from
    a brilliant photograph in A Thousand Miles up the Nile, give a
    truer and more spirited idea of the originals than the present
    illustrations,—­A.B.E.

[48] That is, the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties. 
    —­A.B.E.

[49] According to the measurements given by Mr. Petrie, who discovered the
    remains of the Tanite colossus, it must have stood ninety feet high
    without, and one hundred and twenty feet high with, its pedestal.  See
    Tanis, Part I., by W.M.F.  Petrie, published by the Egypt
    Exploration Fund, 1885.—­A.B.E.

[50] Ameniritis, daughter of an Ethiopian king named Kashta, was the sister
    and successor of her brother Shabaka, and wife of Piankhi II., Twenty-
    fifth Dynasty.  The statue is in alabaster.—­A.B.E.

[51] A Memphite scribe of the Thirtieth Dynasty.—­A.B.E.

[52] In Egyptian Ta-urt, or “the Great;” also called Apet. 
    This goddess is always represented as a hippopotamus walking.  She
    carries in each hand the emblem of protection, called “Sa.”  The
    statuette of the illustration is in green serpentine.—­A.B.E.

[53] Sebakh, signifying “salt,” or “saltpetre,” is the general
    term for that saline dust which accumulates wherever there are mounds
    of brick or limestone ruins.  This dust is much valued as a manure, or
    “top-dressing,” and is so constantly dug out and carried away by the
    natives, that the mounds of ancient towns and villages are rapidly
    undergoing destruction in all parts of Egypt.—­A.B.E.

[54] For an example of Graeco-Egyptian portrait painting, tempo
    Hadrian, see p. 291.

CHAPTER V.

THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS.