Three chosen, by ballot.

  Josiah Berners O^1
  Sir Archibald Johnstone, of Warriston L
  Sir Robert Honeywood R

Fairfax was put among the non-Parliamentary ten because, though he had been a member of the Rump (a very late Recruiter, elected Feb. 1648-9), he had retired from it before its dissolution.  His nomination now to a seat in the Council was but a compliment, for he withdrew into Yorkshire.  An exceptional appointment was that of the Scottish Sir Archibald Johnstone of Warriston.  The Restored Rump was avowedly an English Parliament only, treating the union with Scotland as a business yet to be consummated.  The election of a single Scotchman among the non-Parliamentary members of the Council was like a pledge that Scottish interests should not meanwhile be neglected.  His election was by the recommendation of his friend Vane, who probably knew that Johnstone was by this time a bona fide Republican.  More questionable appointments, from the Republican point of view, were those of Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper and Sir Horatio Townshend.  The second, a cousin of Fairfax, and one of the wealthiest men in Norfolk, was in secret communication with Charles II., and had express permission from him to accept the present appointment.[1]

[Footnote 1:  Commons Journals, May 13-16, 1659; Markham’s Fairfax, 375; Baillie’s Letters, III. 430; Guizot, I. 153.]

There was one fatal absurdity in the position of the Restored Rump Government.  It came together in the name of “the good old cause,” or a pure and absolute Republic; and yet it stood there itself in glaring contradiction to what is usually regarded, and to what itself put forth, as the very root-principle of a pure Republic—­to wit, the Sovereignty of the People.  Richard’s House of Commons had been as freely elected as any House of Commons since that of the Long Parliament, and, as far as England and Wales were concerned, by the same constituencies; it represented no past mood of the community, but precisely their mood in January 1658-9; and the attendances in the House, when it did meet, were unusually numerous.  Well, in a series of debates and votes, in which there was no concussion, this Parliament had declared, in the main, for a continuation of the Protectorate and the Protectoral Constitution as settled by Oliver’s Second Parliament.  Hardly had this been done when, by a combination in London between the disappointed Republicans and the Army malcontents, the Parliament was abruptly dissolved.  What then stepped in to take its place?  A small body, effectively about eighty strong at the utmost, having no pretence of representing the community at that time, or of being anything else than the casual surviving rag of a Parliament of 500, the members of which had been elected at various times, and irregularly, between 1640 and 1649.  Nay, it was not even the surviving rag of that Parliament itself, but the rag