III.  CHIEF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ARMY IN OR NEAR LONDON:—­Fleetwood and Desborough, besides being Councillors, were the real heads of the Army; and Skippon, Sydenham, and Montague, though of the Council too, with Viscount Howard and Ingoldsby, among the near advisers out of the Council, might also rank as Army-chiefs.  But, in addition to these, there were many distinguished officers, tied to the Cromwellian dynasty, as it might seem, by their antecedents.  Among these were Edward Whalley, William Goffe, Robert Lilburne, Sir John Barkstead, James Berry, Thomas Kelsay, William Butler, Tobias Bridges, Sir Thomas Pride, Sir John Hewson, Thomas Cooper, John Jones, and John Clerk.  These were now usually designated, in their military capacity, as merely Colonels; but the first eight had been among Cromwell’s “Major-Generals,” three of the thirteen had their knighthoods from him, and nine of the thirteen (Whalley, Goffe, Barkstead.  Berry, Pride, Hewson, Cooper, Jones, and Clerk) had been among his Parliamentary “Lords.”—­We have mentioned but the chiefs of the Army, called “the Army Grandees;” but, since Richard’s accession, and by his consent or summons, Army-officers of all grades had flocked to London to form a kind of military Parliament round Fleetwood and Desborough, and to assist in launching the new Protectorate.  They held weekly meetings, sometimes to the number of 200 or more, in Fleetwood’s residence of WALLINGFORD HOUSE, close to Whitehall Palace; and, as at these meetings, as well as at the smaller meetings of “the Army Grandees” in the same place, all matters were discussed, WALLINGFORD HOUSE was, for the time, a more important seat of deliberation than the Council-Room itself.  There were also more secret meetings in Desborongh’s house.

IV.  WEIGHTY CROMWELLIANS AWAY FROM LONDON. (1) GENERAL GEORGE MONK, Commander-in-Chief in Scotland; with whom may be associated such members of the Scottish Council as Samuel Desborough, Colonel Adrian Scroope, Colonel Nathaniel Whetham, and Swinton of Swinton. (2) LORD HENRY CROMWELL, Lord Deputy of Ireland hitherto, but now, by his brother’s commission, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (Sept. 1658); with whom may be associated such of the Irish Council or military staff as Chancellor Steele, Chief Justice Pepys, Colonel Sir Hardress Waller, Colonel Sir Matthew Tomlinson, Colonel William Purefoy, Colonel Jerome Zanchy, and Sir Francis Russell.  Also in Ireland at this time, and nominally in retirement, but a Cromwellian of the highest magnitude, was LORD BROGHILL. (3) Abroad the most important Cromwellian by far was SIR WILLIAM LOCKHART, Lord Ambassador to France, General, and Governor of Dunkirk; with whom may be remembered George Downing, Resident in the United Provinces, and Meadows and Jephson, Envoys to the Scandinavian powers.  Lockhart managed to be in England on a brief visit in December 1658.