[Footnote 1:  Council Order Books, Aug. 13, 1657:  Godwin, IV. 420-421; Wood’s Fasti, I. 371.]

Blake gone, the naval hope of England now was Admiral Montague.  Since August 11 he had been cruising up and down the Channel with his fleet under general orders.  The interest of the war with Spain now lay chiefly in Flanders, where the Protector’s army of 6000 foot under General Reynolds was co-operating with the larger French army of Louis XIV. commanded by Turenne.  Here Cromwell had, again to complain of Mazarin’s wily policy.  By the Treaty the great object of the expedition was to be the reduction of the coast-towns, Gravelines, Mardike, and Dunkirk; but these sieges had been postponed, and Turenne had been campaigning in the interior, the English troops obliged to attend him hither and thither, and complaining much of their bad accommodation and bad feeding.  Mazarin, in fact, was studying French interests only, A peremptory communication from Cromwell through Ambassador Lockhart, Aug. 31, changed the state of matters.  “I pray you tell the Cardinal from me,” he said, “that I think, if France desires to maintain its ground, much more to get ground, upon the Spaniard, the performance., of his Treaty with us will better do it than anything appears yet to me of any design he hath.”  He offered 2000 more men from England, if necessary; but he added in a postscript, “If indeed the French be so false to us as that they would not have us have any footing on that side the water, then I desire ... that all things may be done in order to the giving us satisfaction, and to the drawing-off of our men.  And truly, Sir, I desire you to take boldness and freedom to yourself in your dealing with the French on these accounts.”  The Cardinal at once succumbed, and the siege of Mardike by land and sea was begun Sept. 21.  The place was taken in a few days, and, in terms of the Treaty, given into the possession of General Reynolds for the English.  A little while afterwards, a large Spanish force under Don John of Austria, the Duke of York serving in it with four regiments of English and Irish refugees, attempted a recapture of the place; but, by the desperate fighting of the garrison and Montague’s assisting fire from his ships, the attempt was foiled.  The Protector had thus obtained at least one place of footing on the Continent; and, with English valour to assist the military genius of Turenne, there was prospect, late in 1657, of still more success in the Spanish Netherlands.  Lockhart was again in London for consultation with Cromwell Oct. 15, and Montague was back Oct. 24, on which day he took his oath and place in the Council.[1]

[Footnote 1:  Carlyle, III. 306-315 (including two Letters of Cromwell to Lockhart); Godwin, IV. 543-544; Guizot, II. 379-381; Cromwelliana, 168; Council Order Books, Oct. 24, 1657.]