Rebellion.  Farther, in England, were to be excluded all who had been engaged in any war against Parliament since Jan.  I, 1641-2, unless they had afterwards given “signal testimony” of their good affections, and all who, since the establishment of the Protectorate, had been engaged in any plot or insurrection against it.  In Scotland were to be excluded all who had been in arms against the Parliament of England or against that of Scotland before April 1, 1648 (old Malignants and Montrosists), except such as had afterwards given “signal testimony,” &c., and also all who, since April 1, 1648, had been in arms against the English Parliament or the Commonwealth (the Hamiltonians of 1648, and the Scottish Royalists of all varieties who had fought for Charles II. in 1650-51), except such as had since March 1, 1651-2, “lived peaceably”—­but with the supplementary proviso, required by his Highness, that, while “having lived peaceably” since Worcester would suffice for the miscellaneous Royalists of 1650-51, who were indeed nearly the whole population of Scotland, the less pardonable Hamiltonians of 1648 would have to pass much stricter tests.  In Ireland, though Protestants generally were to be qualified, there was to be like caution in admitting such as, though faithful before March 1, 1649-50, had afterwards opposed the Commonwealth or the Protector.  These disqualifications affected both voting and eligibility; but eligibility was restricted still farther.  Ineligible were to be all atheistic persons, scoffers at Religion, unbelievers in the divine authority of the Bible, or other execrable heretics, all profaners of the Lord’s Day, all habitual drunkards or swearers, and all who had married Roman Catholics or allowed their children to marry such.  For the rest, all persons of the voting sex, over the age of twenty-one, and “of known integrity, fearing God, and of good conversation,” were to be eligible.  One farther exception had been made in the original Petition and Advice; to wit, all in holy orders, all ministers or public preachers.  “There may be some of us, it may be, who have been a little guilty of that, who would be loath to be excluded from sitting in Parliament,” Cromwell had said laughingly while commenting on this clause; and it had accordingly been defined as excluding only regular pastors of congregations.  He had procured an important modification of another clause of the same Article.  It had been proposed that the business of examining who had been duly elected, and the power of suspending members till the House itself should decide, should be vested in a body of forty-one commissioners to be appointed by Parliament; but, Cromwell having pointed out that this would be a clumsy process, and that the commissioners themselves might be “uncertain persons,” and might “keep out good men,” it was agreed that the judgment of the House itself, with a fine of L1000 on every unqualified person that