months the new leader of the Parnellites was without a seat in the House—­though not during a session.  Another death made a new opening, and in December 1891 his fight at Waterford against no less a man than Michael Davitt turned for a moment the electoral tide which was setting heavily against the smaller group.  It was a notable win, and the hero of that triumph retained his hold on the loyalty of those with whom he won it when the rest of Ireland had turned away from him.  The tie lasted to his death—­and after it, for Waterford then chose as its representative the dead leader’s son, and renewed that choice in the general election of 1918, when other allegiances to the old party were like leaves on the wind.

Other ties were formed in these years, which lasted through Redmond’s life.  I have deliberately abstained from entering into either the merits or the details of the “split.”  But certain of its aspects must be recognized.  In the division into Parnellites and Anti-Parnellites, Parnellites were a small but fierce minority.  It needed resolution for a man to be a Parnellite, all the more because the whole force of the Catholic Church was thrown against them, and in some instances disgraceful methods were used.  One of Redmond’s best friends was the owner of a local newspaper; it was declared to be a mortal sin to buy, sell, or read his journal.  The business was reduced to the verge of ruin but the man went on, till a new bishop came and gradually things mended.  He, like Redmond, was a staunch practising Catholic, and later on was the friend and trusted associate of many priests; but he stood for an element in Ireland which refused to allow the least usurpation by ecclesiastical authority in the sphere of citizenship.

Willie Redmond won East Clare, as his brother won Waterford city, after a turbulent election with the priests against him.  He gave in that contest, as always, at least as good as he got; but his collision with individuals never affected his devotion or his brother’s to their Church.

But in social life the estrangements of these days were far-reaching, and, at least negatively, so far as Redmond was concerned, they were lasting.  His existence had been saddened and altered shortly before the break up by the death of his first wife, which left him a young widower with three children.  After the “split” the whole circle of friends among whom he had lived in Dublin and in London was shattered and divided; and in later life none, I think, of those broken intimacies was renewed.

In Redmond’s nature there was a total lack of rancour.  Clear-sighted as he was, he realized how desperately difficult a choice was imposed on Nationalists by Parnell’s situation, and he knew how honestly men had differed.  He could command completely his intellectual judgment of their action, and there were many whom in later stages of the movement he trusted none the less for their divergence from him at this crisis.  But he was more than commonly