Ibid., fol. 31, col. 1.

The Rabbis teach there are three that have a share in a man; God, and his father and mother.  The father’s part consists of all that is white in him—­the bones, the veins, the nails, the brain, and the white of the eye.  The mother’s part consists of all that is red in him—­the skin, the flesh, the hair, and the black part of the eye.  God’s part consists of the breath, the soul, the physiognomy, sight and hearing, speech, motive power, knowledge, understanding, and wisdom.  And when the time comes that the man should depart from the world, God takes away His part, and leaves those which belong to the father and mother.  Rav Pappa says, “This is the meaning of the proverb, ’Shake off the salt and throw the flesh to the dogs.’”

Niddah, fol. 31. col. 1.

    Rashi’s explanatory note is this:  “Shake off the salt from the
    flesh and it becomes fit only for dogs.  The soul is the salt
    which preserves the body; when it departs, the body putrefies.”

Four things require fortitude in the observance:—­The law, good works, prayer, and social duties.  Respecting the law and good works it is written (Josh. i. 7), “Be thou strong and firm, that thou mayest observe to do all the law;” in which the word “strong” refers to the law, and the word “firm” to good works.  Of prayer it is written, “Wait on the Lord; be strong, and He shall make thine heart firm; wait, I say, upon the Lord” (Ps. xxvii. 14).  In respect to social duties it is written (2 Sam. x. 2), “Be strong, and let us strengthen ourselves for our people, and for the cities of our God.”

Berachoth, fol. 32, col. 2.

There are four signs which tell tales:—­Dropsy is a sign of sin; jaundice is a sign of hatred without a cause; poverty is a sign of pride; and quinsy is a sign of slander.

Shabbath, fol. 33, col. 1.

“Unto Mamre, unto the city of Arbah,” i.e., four (Gen. xxxv. 27).  Rabbi Isaac calls it the city of four couples, i.e., Adam and Eve, Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebekah, Jacob and Leah.  These four couples being buried in Mamre, it was therefore called “the city of four.”

Eiruvin, fol. 53, col. 1.

The sun makes four quarterly circuits.  In April, May, and June, i.e., Nisan, Iyar, and Sivan, his circuit is between the mountains, in order to dissolve the snow; in July, August, and September, i.e., Tamuz, Ab, and Ellul, his circuit is over the habitable parts of the earth, in order to ripen the fruits; in October, November, and December, i.e., Tishri, Marcheshvan, and Kislev, his circuit is over the seas, to evaporate the waters; in January, February, and March, i.e., Tebeth, Shebat, and Adar, his circuit is over the deserts, in order to protect the seed sown from being scorched.

Psachim, fol. 94, col. 2.

Four persons are intolerable:—­A poor man who is proud, a rich man who is a liar, an old man who is incontinent, and a warden who behaves haughtily to a community for whom he has done nothing.  To these some add him who has divorced his wife once or twice and married her again.