Steam came at 8 P.M. and we began to push forward.  At first it was hard going, but slowly we elbowed our way until the spaces of open water became more frequent.  Soon we found one or two large pools, several miles in extent; then the floes became smaller.  Later we could see no really big floes at all; “the sheets of thin ice are broken into comparatively regular figures, none more than thirty yards across,” and “we are steaming amongst floes of small area evidently broken by swell, and with edges abraded by contact."[83]

We could not be far from the southern edge of the pack.  Twenty-four hours after raising steam we were still making good progress, checking sometimes to carve our way through some obstacle.  At last we were getting a return for the precious coal expended.  The sky was overcast, the outlook from the masthead flat and dreary, but hour by hour it became more obvious that we neared the threshold of the open sea.  At 1 A.M. on Friday, December 30 (lat. about 711/2 deg.  S., noon observation 72 deg. 17’ S., 177 deg. 9’ E.) Bowers steered through the last ice stream.  Behind was some 400 miles of ice.  Cape Crozier was 334 miles (geog.) ahead.

FOOTNOTES: 

    [40] Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i. p. 6.

    [41] Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i. p. 7.

    [42] Ibid. p. 9.

    [43] Ibid. p. 8.

    [44] Wilson in the Discovery Natural History Reports.

    [45] Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i. pp. 11-12.

    [46] Wilson’s Journal.

    [47] Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i. pp. 14-15.

    [48] Raper, Practice of Navigation, article 547.

    [49] Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i. p. 13.

    [50] Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i. pp. 21-22.

    [51] Ibid. pp. 24-25.

    [52] Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i. p. 2.

[53] My own diary.

[54] Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i. p. 25.

[55] Ibid. p. 60.

[56] Wilson.

[57] Wilson, Discovery Natural History Report, vol. ii. part ii.
p. 38.

[58] Wilson’s Journal.

[59] Levick, Antarctic Penguins, p. 83.

[60] Levick, Antarctic Penguins, p. 85.

[61] Wilson in the Discovery Natural History Report, Zoology,
vol. ii. part i. p. 44.

[62] Discovery Natural History Report, Zoology, vol. ii. part i. 
Wilson, pp. 32, 33.

[63] Ibid. p. 33.

[64] Antarctic Manual:  Seals, by Barrett-Hamilton, p. 216.

[65] Ibid. p. 217.

[66] Discovery Natural History Report, Zoology, vol. ii. part i.
by E. A. Wilson, p. 36.

[67] Discovery Natural History Report, Zoology, vol. ii. part i.
by E. A. Wilson.