But we wasted our man-power in one way which could have been avoided.  I have described how every emergency was met by calling for volunteers, and how the volunteers were always forthcoming.  Unfortunately volunteering was relied on not only for emergencies, but for a good deal of everyday work that should have been organised as routine; and the inevitable result was that the willing horses were overworked.  It was a point of honour not to ca’ canny.  Men were allowed to do too much, and were told afterwards that they had done too much; and that is not discipline.  They should not have been allowed to do too much.  Until our last year we never insisted on a regular routine.

Money was scarce:  probably Scott could not have obtained the funds for the expedition if its objective had not been the Pole.  There was no lack of the things which could be bought across the counter from big business houses—­all landing, sledging, and scientific equipment was first-class—­but one of the first and most important items, the ship, would have sent Columbus on strike, and nearly sent us to the bottom of the sea.

People talk of the niggardly equipment of Columbus when he sailed west from the Canaries to try a short-cut to an inhabited continent of magnificent empires, as he thought; but his three ships were, relatively to the resources of that time, much better than the one old tramp in which we sailed for a desert of ice in which the evening and morning are the year and not the day, and in which not even polar bears and reindeers can live.  Amundsen had the Fram, built for polar exploration ad hoc.  Scott had the Discovery.  But when one thinks of these Nimrods and Terra Novas, picked up second-hand in the wooden-ship market, and faked up for the transport of ponies, dogs, motors, and all the impedimenta of a polar expedition, to say nothing of the men who have to try and do scientific work inside them, one feels disposed to clamour for a Polar Factory Act making it a crime to ship men for the ice in vessels more fit to ply between London Bridge and Ramsgate.

And then the begging that is necessary to obtain even this equipment.  Shackleton hanging round the doors of rich men!  Scott writing begging letters for months together!  Is the country not ashamed?

Modern civilized States should make up their minds to the endowment of research, which includes exploration; and as all States benefit alike by the scientific side of it there is plenty of scope for international arrangement, especially in a region where the mere grabbing of territory is meaningless, and no Foreign Office can trace the frontier between King Edward’s Plateau and King Haakon’s.  The Antarctic continent is still mostly unexplored; but enough is known of it to put any settlement by ordinary pioneer emigration, pilgrim fathers and the like, out of the question.  Ross Island is not a place for a settlement:  it is a place for an elaborately equipped scientific