But the scientific objects of the expedition included the landing of a second but much smaller party under Campbell on King Edward VII.’s Land.  While returning from an abortive attempt to land here they found a Norwegian expedition under Captain Roald Amundsen in Nansen’s old ship the Fram in the Bay of Whales:  reference to this expedition will be found elsewhere.[23] One member of Amundsen’s party was Johansen, the only companion of Nansen on his famous Arctic sledge journey, of which a brief outline has been given above.[24] Campbell and his five companions were finally landed at Cape Adare, and built their hut close to Borchgrevinck’s old winter quarters.[25] The ship returned to New Zealand under Pennell:  came back to the Antarctic a year later with further equipment and provisions, and again two years later to bring back to civilization the survivors of the expedition.

The adventures and journeyings of the various members of the Main Party are so numerous and simultaneous that I believe it will help the reader who approaches this book without previous knowledge of the history of the expedition to give here a brief summary of the course of events.  Those who are familiar already with these facts can easily skip a page or two.

Two parties were sent out during the first autumn:  the one under Scott to lay a large depot on the Barrier for the Polar Journey, and this is called the Depot Journey; the other to carry out geological work among the Western Mountains, so called because they form the western side of McMurdo Sound:  this is called the First Geological Journey, and another similar journey during the following summer is called the Second Geological Journey.

Both parties joined up at the old Discovery Hut at Hut Point in March 1911, and here waited for the sea to freeze a passage northwards to Cape Evans.  Meanwhile the men left at Cape Evans were continuing the complex scientific work of the station.  All the members of the Main Party were not gathered together at Cape Evans for the winter until May 12.  During the latter half of the winter a journey was made by three men led by Wilson to Cape Crozier to investigate the embryology of the Emperor penguin:  this is called the Winter Journey.

The journey to the South Pole absorbed the energies of most of the sledging members during the following summer of 1911-12.  The motor party turned back on the Barrier; the dog party at the bottom of the Beardmore Glacier.  From this point twelve men went forward.  Four of these men under Atkinson returned from the top of the glacier in latitude 85 deg. 3’ S.:  they are known as the First Return Party.  A fortnight later in latitude 87 deg. 32’ S. three more men returned under Lieutenant Evans:  these are the Second Return Party.  Five men went forward, Scott, Wilson, Bowers, Oates and Seaman Evans.  They reached the Pole on January 17 to find that Amundsen had reached it thirty-four days earlier.  They returned 721 statute miles and perished 177 miles from their winter quarters.