across the Sound, and as they disappear northwards are miraged up into the air and float, black islands in a lemon sky.  Straight ahead of you there is nothing to be seen but black open sea, with a high light over the horizon, which you know betokens pack; this is ice blink.  But as you watch there appears and disappears a little dark smudge.  This puzzles you for some time, and then you realize that this is the mirage of some far mountain or of Beaufort Island, which guards the mouth of McMurdo Sound against such traffic as ever comes that way, by piling up the ice floes across the entrance.

As you still look north, in the middle distance, jutting out into the sea, is a low black line of land, with one excrescence.  This is Cape Royds, with Shackleton’s old hut upon it; the excrescence is High Peak, and this line marks the first land upon the eastern side of McMurdo Sound which you can see, and indeed is actually the most eastern point of Ross Island.  It disappears abruptly behind a high wall, and if you let your eyes travel round towards your right front you see that the wall is a perpendicular cliff two hundred feet high of pure green and blue ice, which falls sheer into the sea, and forms, with Cape Evans, on which we stand, the bay which lies in front of our hut, and which we called North Bay.  This great ice-cliff with its crevasses, towers, bastions and cornices, was a never-ending source of delight to us; it forms the snout of one of the many glaciers which slide down the slopes of Erebus:  in smooth slopes and contours where the mountain underneath is of regular shape:  in impassable icefalls where the underlying surface is steep or broken.  This particular ice stream is called the Barne Glacier, and is about two miles across.  The whole background from our right front to our right rear, that is from N.E. to S.E., is occupied by our massive and volcanic neighbour, Erebus.  He stands 13,500 feet high.  We live beneath his shadow and have both admiration and friendship for him, sometimes perhaps tinged with respect.  However, there are no signs of dangerous eruptive disturbances in modern times, and we feel pretty safe, despite the fact that the smoke which issues from his crater sometimes rises in dense clouds for many thousands of feet, and at others the trail of his plume can be measured for at least a hundred miles.

If you are not too cold standing about (it does not pay to stand about at Cape Evans) let us make our way behind the hut and up Wind Vane Hill.  This is only some sixty-five feet high, yet it dominates the rest of the cape and is steep enough to require a scramble, even now when the wind is calm.  Look out that you do not step on the electric wires which connect the wind-vane cups on the hill with the recording dial in the hut.  These cups revolve in the wind, the revolutions being registered electrically:  every four miles a signal was sent to the hut, and a pen working upon a chronograph registered one more step.  There is also a meteorological screen on the summit, which has to be visited at eight o’clock each morning in all weathers.