probably reaches over the greater part of the Antarctic continent.  It was the beginning of November:  that is, the beginning of summer; but the conditions of work were much the same as those found during the spring journeys on the Barrier.  The temperature dropped into the minus forties; but the worst feature of all was a continuous head-wind blowing from west to east which combined with the low temperature and rarefied air to make the conditions of sledging extremely laborious.  The supporting party returned, and the three men continued alone, pulling out westwards into an unknown waste of snow with no landmarks to vary the rough monotony.  They turned homewards on December 1, but found the pulling very heavy; and their difficulties were increased by their ignorance of their exact position.  The few glimpses of the land which they obtained as they approached it in the thick weather which prevailed only left them in horrible uncertainty as to their whereabouts.  Owing to want of food it was impossible to wait for the weather to clear:  there was nothing to be done but to continue their eastward march.  Threading their way amidst the ice disturbances which mark the head of the glaciers, the party pushed blindly forward in air which was becoming thick with snow-drift.  Suddenly Lashly slipped:  in a moment the whole party was flying downwards with increasing speed.  They ceased to slide smoothly; they were hurled into the air and descended with great force on to a gradual snow incline.  Rising they looked round them to find above them an ice-fall 300 feet high down which they had fallen:  above it the snow was still drifting, but where they stood there was peace and blue sky.  They recognized now for the first time their own glacier and the well-remembered landmark, and far away in the distance was the smoking summit of Mount Erebus.  It was a miracle.

Excellent subsidiary journeys were also made of which space allows no mention here:  nor do they bear directly upon this last expedition.  But in view of the Winter Journey undertaken by us, if not for the interest of the subject itself, some account must be given of those most aristocratic inhabitants of the Antarctic, the Emperor penguins, with whom Wilson and his companions in the Discovery now became familiar.

There are two kinds of Antarctic penguins—­the little Adelie with his blue-black coat and his white shirt-front, weighing 16 lbs., an object of endless pleasure and amusement, and the great dignified Emperor with long curved beak, bright orange head-wear and powerful flippers, a personality of 61/2 stones.  Science singles out the Emperor as being the more interesting bird because he is more primitive, possibly the most primitive of all birds.  Previous to the Discovery Expedition nothing was known of him save that he existed in the pack and on the fringes of the continent.