hours, covered with snow but in full possession of his faculties and free from frost-bites.  The little cross at Hut Point commemorates the death of Vince.  One of this party was a seaman called Wild, who came to the front and took the lead of five of the survivors after the death of Vince.  He was to take the lead often in future expeditions under Shackleton and Mawson, and there are few men living who have so proved themselves as polar travellers.

I have dwelt upon this side of the early sledging deficiencies of the Discovery to show the importance of experience in Antarctic land travelling, whether it be at first or second hand.  Scott and his men in 1902 were pioneers.  They bought their experience at a price which might easily have been higher; and each expedition which has followed has added to the fund.  The really important thing is that nothing of what is gained should be lost.  It is one of the main objects of this book to hand on as complete a record as possible of the methods, equipment, food and weights used by Scott’s Last Expedition for the use of future explorers.  “The first object of writing an account of a Polar voyage is the guidance of future voyagers:  the first duty of the writer is to his successors."[16]

The adaptability, invention and resource of the men of the Discovery when they set to work after the failures of the autumn to prepare for the successes of the two following summers showed that they could rise to their difficulties.  Scott admitted that “food, clothing, everything was wrong, the whole system was bad."[17] In determining to profit by his mistakes, and working out a complete system of Antarctic travel, he was at his best; and it was after a winter of drastic reorganization that he started on November 2, 1902, on his first southern journey with two companions, Wilson and Shackleton.

It is no part of my job to give an account of this journey.  The dogs failed badly:  probably the Norwegian stock-fish which had been brought through the tropics to feed them was tainted:  at any rate they sickened; and before the journey was done all the dogs had to be killed or had died.  A fortnight after starting, the party was relaying—­that is, taking on part of their load and returning for the rest; and this had to be continued for thirty-one days.

[Illustration:  THE LAST OF THE DOGS—­E.  A. Wilson, del.]

The ration of food was inadequate and they became very hungry as time went on; but it was not until December 21 that Wilson disclosed to Scott that Shackleton had signs of scurvy which had been present for some time.  On December 30, in latitude 82 deg. 16’ S., they decided to return.  By the middle of January the scurvy signs were largely increased and Shackleton was seriously ill and spitting blood.  His condition became more and more alarming, and he collapsed on January 18, but revived afterwards.  Sometimes walking by the sledge, sometimes being carried upon it, Shackleton survived:  Scott and Wilson saved his life.  The three men reached the ship on February 3, after covering 960 statute miles in 93 days.  Scott and Wilson were both extremely exhausted and seriously affected by scurvy.  It was a fine journey, the geographical results of which comprised the survey of some three hundred miles of new coast-line, and a further knowledge of the Barrier upon which they travelled.