[Footnote 96:  Mallet du Pan states that three thousand Vaudois came to Berne to join in the national defence:  “Les cantons democratiques sont les plus fanatises contre les Francais”—­a suggestive remark.]

[Footnote 97:  Daendliker, “Geschichte der Schweiz,” vol. iii., p. 350 (edition of 1895); also Lavisse, “La Rev. Franc.,” p. 821.]

[Footnote 98:  “Correspondance,” No. 2676.]

[Footnote 99:  “Foreign Office Records,” Malta (No. 1).  Mr. Williams states in his despatch of June 30th, 1798, that Bonaparte knew there were four thousand Maltese in his favour, and that most of the French knights were publicly known to be so; but he adds:  “I do believe the Maltees [sic] have given the island to the French in order to get rid of the knighthood.”]

[Footnote 100:  I am indebted for this fact to the Librarian of the Priory of the Knights of St. John, Clerkenwell.]

[Footnote 101:  See, for a curious instance, Chaptal, “Mes Souvenirs,” p. 243.]

[Footnote 102:  The Arab accounts of these events, drawn up by Nakoula and Abdurrahman, are of much interest.  They have been well used by M. Dufourcq, editor of Desvernois’ “Memoirs,” for many suggestive footnotes.]

[Footnote 103:  Desgenettes, “Histoire medicale de l’Armee d’Orient” (Paris, 1802); Belliard, “Memoires,” vol. i.]

[Footnote 104:  I have followed chiefly the account of Savary, Duc de Rovigo, “Mems.,” ch. iv.  See too Desvernois, “Mems.,” ch. iv.]

[Footnote 105:  See his orders published in the “Correspondance officielle et confid. de Nap.  Bonaparte, Egypte,” vol. i. (Paris, 1819, p. 270).  They rebut Captain Mahan’s statement ("Influence of Sea Power upon the Fr. Rev. and Emp.,” vol. i., p. 263) as to Brueys’ “delusion and lethargy” at Aboukir.  On the contrary, though enfeebled by dysentery and worried by lack of provisions and the insubordination of his marines, he certainly did what he could under the circumstances.  See his letters in the Appendix of Jurien de la Graviere, “Guerres Maritimes,” vol. i.]

[Footnote 106:  Desvernois, “Mems.,” ch. v.]

[Footnote 107:  Ib., ch. vi.]

[Footnote 108:  Order of July 27th, 1798.]

[Footnote 109:  Ducasse, “Les Rois, Freres de Napoleon,” p. 8.]

[Footnote 110:  “Memoires de Napoleon,” vol. ii.; Bourrienne, “Mems.,” vol. i., ch. xvii.]

[Footnote 111:  “Mems. de Berthier.”]

[Footnote 112:  On November 4th, 1798, the French Government forwarded to Bonaparte, in triplicate copies, a despatch which, after setting forth the failure of their designs on Ireland, urged him either (1) to remain in Egypt, of which they evidently disapproved, or (2) to march towards India and co-operate with Tippoo Sahib, or (3) to advance on Constantinople in order that France might have a share in the partition of Turkey, which was then being discussed between the Courts of Petersburg and Vienna.  No copy of this despatch seems to have reached Bonaparte before he set out for Syria (February 10th).  This curious and perhaps guileful despatch is given in full by Boulay de la Meurthe, “Le Directoire et l’Expedition d’Egypte,” Appendix, No. 5.