The Emperor Francis was now resigned to his fate, but he refused to hear of giving up his remaining sea-coast in Istria.  On this point Metternich strove hard to bend Napoleon’s will, but received as a final answer:  “Then war is unavoidable."[216] In fact, the victor knew that Austria was in his power.  The Archduke Charles had thrown up his command, the soldiery were depressed, and a great part of the Empire was in the hands of the French.  England’s efforts had failed; and of all the isolated patriotic movements in Germany only that of the Tyrolese mountaineers still struggled on.  Napoleon could therefore dictate his own terms in the Treaty of Schoenbrunn (October 14th), which he announced as complete, when as yet Francis had not signed it.[217] Austria thereby recognized Joseph as King of Spain, and ceded Salzburg and the Inn-viertel to Napoleon, to be transferred by him to Bavaria.  To the French Empire she yielded up parts of Austrian Friuli and Carinthia, besides Carniola, the city and district of Trieste, and portions of Croatia and Dalmatia to the south of the River Save.  Her spoils of the old Polish lands now went to aggrandize the Duchy of Warsaw, a small strip of Austrian Gallicia also going to Russia.  Besides losing 3,500,000 subjects, Austria was mulcted in an indemnity of L3,400,000, and again bound herself to exclude all British products.  By a secret clause she agreed to limit her army to 150,000 men.

Perhaps the severest loss was the abandonment of the faithful Tyrolese.  After Aspern, the Emperor Francis promised that he would never lay down his arms until they were re-united with his Empire.  This promise now went the way of the many fond hopes of reform and championship of German nationality which her ablest men had lately cherished, and the Empire settled down in torpor and bankruptcy.  In dumb wrath and despair Austrian patriots looked on, while the Tyrolese were beaten down by French, Bavarian, and Italian forces.  Hofer finally took to the hills, was betrayed by a friend, and was taken to Mantua.  Some of the officers who there tried him desired to spare his life, but a special despatch of Napoleon[218] ordered his execution, and the brave mountaineer fell, with the words on his lips:  “Long live the Emperor Francis.”  Tyrol, meanwhile, was parcelled out between Bavaria, Illyria, and the Kingdom of Italy; but bullets and partitions were of no avail against the staunch patriotism of her people, and the Tyrolese campaign boded ill for Napoleon if monarchs, generals, and statesmen should ever be inspired by the sturdy faith and hardihood of that noble peasantry.

As yet, however, prudence and timidity reigned supreme.  Though the Czar uttered some snappish words at the threatening increase to the Duchy of Warsaw, he still posed as Napoleon’s ally.  The Swedes, weary of their hopeless strifes with France, Russia, and Denmark, deposed the still bellicose Gustavus IV.; and his successor, Charles XIII., made peace with those Powers, retaining Swedish Pomerania, but only at the cost of submitting to the Continental System.  Prussia seemed, to official eyes, utterly cowed.  The Hapsburgs, having failed in their bold championship of the cause of reform and of German nationality, now fell back into a policy marked by timid opportunism and decorously dull routine.