charter ... to the foreigners to rule India, Sivaji strove to drive them out of his fatherland, and there is no sin of covetousness in that.”  Practical application of Mr. Tilak’s language was soon forthcoming in the assassination of two British officers in the same city of Poona.  Mr. Tilak, victim of his own eloquence and of the spirit of the day, was necessarily prosecuted for his inflammatory speech, and was sent to prison for eighteen months.  But it is not too much to say that the unanimous feeling of educated India went with Mr. Tilak and regarded him as a martyr.

[Sidenote:  Boycott of British goods.]

From the pro-Indian feeling to the anti-British Boycott feeling is only one step along the road that new-educated India is treading.  The boycott of British goods in 1905 has been the next step.  The provocation alleged by the politicians who organised the boycott was the division of the province of Bengal.  Whether that was cause sufficient to justify the boycott or a mere pretext for another anti-British step is now of secondary importance.  The plea of encouragement of native industries we may set aside as an afterthought.  The boycott has been declared, and what concerns us is to see the national feeling now take the form of a declaration of commercial war upon Great Britain—­none the less disconcerting because some of those concerned clearly have an eye, however foolishly, upon Boston in 1773 and the war thereafter.  It gives pause to India’s well-wishers.  “India for the Indians,” will that come next?  There no friend of India dare wish her success, to be a possible prey to Russia or Germany, or even to Japan.  But reasoning to the logical issue, we get light upon our premisses. India for what Indians?, we ask ourselves.  For Hindus or Mahomedans; for the million, English-speaking, or the many-millioned masses?  For many a day yet to come it will be Britain’s duty to hold the balance, to instruct in self-government and to learn from her blunders.

That the national feeling of Indians may become a main strand in a strong Imperial feeling, as is the national feeling of Scotland, must be the wish of all friends of India.  But how is the Indian feeling to be transformed?

[Sidenote:  Remedies.]

[Sidenote:  Instruction in History and Political Economy.]

[Sidenote:  High-minded Anglo-Indians.]

The new Social Ideas of India have asserted themselves in spite of opposing ideas, deep-rooted; on the other hand, the new Political Ideas are in accordance with the natural ambition of educated Indians, and have had no difficulty in expanding and spreading.  In comparison with the new social ideas, in consequence, the new political ideas are a somewhat rank and artificial growth, forced by editors and politicians, and warped by ignorance and prejudice.  The widely current idea that, owing to British rule, the poverty of the Indian people is now greater, and that the famines