[Footnote 225:  Decree of February 5th, 1810.  See Welschinger, “La Censure sous le premier Empire,” p. 31.  For the seizure of Madame de Stael’s “Allemagne” and her exile, see her preface to “Dix Annees d’Exil.”]

[Footnote 226:  Mollien, “Mems.,” vol. iii., p. 183.]

[Footnote 227:  Fouche retired to Italy, and finally settled at Aix.  His place at the Ministry of Police was taken by Savary, Duc de Rovigo.  See Madelin’s “Fouche,” chap. xx.]

[Footnote 228:  Porter, “Progress of the Nation,” p. 388.]

[Footnote 229:  Letters of August 6th, 7th, 29th.  The United States had just repealed their Non-Intercourse Act of 1807.  For their relations with Napoleon and England, see Channing’s “The United States of America,” chs. vi. and vii.; also the Anglo-American correspondence in Cobbett’s “Register for 1809 and 1810.”]

[Footnote 230:  Mollien, “Mems.” vol. i., p. 316.]

[Footnote 231:  Tooke, “Hist. of Prices,” vol. i., p. 311; Mollien, vol. iii., pp. 135, 289; Pasquier, vol. i., p. 295; Chaptal, p. 275.]

[Footnote 232:  Letter of August 6th, 1810, to Eugene.]

[Footnote 233:  “Progress of the Nation,” p. 148.]

[Footnote 234:  So Mollien, vol. iii., p. 135:  “One knows that his powerful imagination was fertile in illusions:  as soon as they had seduced him, he sought with a kind of good faith to enhance their prestige, and he succeeded easily in persuading many others of what he had convinced himself.  He braved business difficulties as he braved dangers in war.”] [Footnote 235:  Miot de Melito, vol. ii., ch. xv.  For some favourable symptoms in French industry, see Lumbroso, pp. 165-226, and Chaptal, p. 287.  They have been credited to the Continental System; but surely they resulted from the internal free trade and intelligent administration which France had enjoyed since the Revolution.]

[Footnote 236:  “Nap.  Corresp.,” May 8th, 1811.]

[Footnote 237:  Goethe published the first part of “Faust,” in full, early in 1808.]

[Footnote 238:  Baur, “Stein und Perthes,” p. 85.]

[Footnote 239:  Lavalette, “Mems.,” ch. xxv.]

[Footnote 240:  Letters of October 10th and 13th, 1810, and January 1st, 1811.]

[Footnote 241:  Letter of September 17th, 1810.]

[Footnote 242:  Letter of March 8th, 1811.  For a fuller treatment of the commercial struggle between Great Britain and Napoleon see my articles, “Napoleon and British Commerce” and “Britain’s Food Supply during the French War,” in a volume entitled “Napoleonic Studies” (George Bell and Sons, 1904).]

[Footnote 243:  Czartoryski, “Mems.,” vol. ii., ch. xvii.  At this time he was taken back to the Czar’s favour, and was bidden to hope for the re-establishment of Poland by the Czar as soon as Napoleon made a blunder.]

[Footnote 244:  Tatischeff, p. 526; Vandal, vol. ii., ch. vii.]

[Footnote 245:  “Corresp.,” No. 16178; Vandal, vol. ii., ch. vii.  The expose of December 1st, 1809, had affirmed that Napoleon did not intend to re-establish Poland.  But this did not satisfy Alexander.]