[Footnote 167:  Letters of July 19th and 29th.]

[Footnote 168:  The phrase is that of Viscount Strangford, our ambassador at Lisbon ("F.O.,” Portugal, No. 55).  So Baumgarten, “Geschichte Spaniens,” vol. i., p. 136.]

[Footnote 169:  Report of the Portuguese ambassador, Lourenco de Lima, dated August 7th, 1807, inclosed by Viscount Strangford ("F.O.,” Portugal, No. 55).]

[Footnote 170:  This statement as to the date of the summons to Portugal is false:  it was July 19th when he ordered it to be sent, that is, long before the Copenhagen news reached him.]

[Footnote 171:  “Corresp.,” No. 12839.]

[Footnote 172:  See Lady Blennerhasset’s “Talleyrand,” vol. ii., ch. xvi., for a discussion of Talleyrand’s share in the new policy.  This question, together with many others, cannot be solved, owing to Talleyrand’s destruction of most of his papers.  In June, 1806, he advised a partition of Portugal; and in the autumn he is said to have favoured the overthrow of the Spanish Bourbons.  But there must surely be some connection between Napoleon’s letter to him of July 19th, 1807, on Portuguese affairs and the resignation which he persistently offered on their return to Paris.  On August 10th he wrote to the Emperor that that letter would be the last act of his Ministry ("Lettres inedites de Tall.,” p. 476).  He was succeeded by Champagny.]

[Footnote 173:  “Corresp.,” Nos. 13235, 37, 43.]

[Footnote 174:  “Corresp.,” Nos. 13314 and 13327.  So too, to General Clarke, his new Minister of War, he wrote:  “Junot may say anything he pleases, so long as he gets hold of the fleet” ("New Letters of Nap.,” October 28th, 1807).]

[Footnote 175:  Strangford’s despatches quite refute Thiers’ confident statement that the Portuguese answers to Napoleon were planned in concert with us.  I cannot find in our archives a copy of the Anglo-Portuguese Convention signed by Canning on October 22nd, 1807; but there are many references to it in his despatches.  It empowered us to occupy Madeira; and our fleet did so at the close of the year.  In April next we exchanged it for the Azores and Goa.]

[Footnote 176:  “Corresp.,” July 22nd, 1807.]

[Footnote 177:  Between September 1st, 1807, and November 23rd, 1807, he wrote eighteen letters on the subject of Corfu, which he designed to be his base of operations as soon as the Eastern Question could be advantageously reopened.  On February 8th, 1808, he wrote to Joseph that Corfu was more important than Sicily, and that “in the present state of Europe, the loss of Corfu would be the greatest of disasters.”  This points to his proposed partition of Turkey.]

[Footnote 178:  Letter of October 13th, 1807.]

[Footnote 179:  “Ann.  Register” for 1807, pp. 227, 747.]

[Footnote 180:  Ibid., pp. 749-750.  Another Order in Council (November 25th) allowed neutral ships a few more facilities for colonial trade, and Prussian merchantmen were set free (ibid., pp. 755-759).  In April, 1809, we further favoured the carrying of British goods on neutral ships, especially to or from the United States.]