“He was about fifty paces in front of the others, accompanied by one of his marshals, with whom he walked backwards and forwards for nearly an hour.  He was dressed in a plain uniform coat and a star [sic], with a plain hat, different from that of his marshals and generals, which was feathered.  In the rear, and to the left of the ridge on which he stood, were his reserves.  They were formed in lines of squadrons and battalions, appearing like a large column of battalions:  their number must have been between 15,000 and 20,000.

After he had retired from the eminence, several of the battalions were observed to be drawn off to his left, and to be replaced by others from the rear:  the masses of his reserves appeared to suffer scarcely any diminution....  Those troops which were to act against our right continued their march:  the others, opposite our centre, planted themselves about midway on the slope, which descended from the ridge towards our position; and, under the protection of the guns that crowned the ridge, they appeared to set our cavalry at defiance....  Yet there was no forward movement in that part.  To turn and overthrow our flanks, particularly the right one, appeared now to be their main object.”

This was the case.  Napoleon was employing his usual tactics of assailing the allies everywhere by artillery and musketry fire, so as to keep them in their already very extended position until he could deliver a decisive blow.  This was dealt, though somewhat tardily, by Ney with his huge corps at the allied right, where Barclay’s 5,000 Russians were outmatched and driven back.  The village of Preititz was lost, and with it the allies’ communications were laid bare.  It was of the utmost importance to recover the village; and Bluecher, at the right centre, hard pressed though he was, sent down Kleist’s brigade, which helped to wrench the prize from that Marshal’s grasp.  But Ney was too strong to be kept off, even by the streams of cannon-shot poured upon his dense columns.  With the help of Lauriston’s corps, he again slowly pressed on, began to envelop the allies’ right, and threatened to cut off their retreat.  Bluecher was also furiously assailed by Marmont and Bertrand.  On the left, it is true, the Russians had beaten back Oudinot with heavy loss; but, as Napoleon had not yet seriously drawn on his reserves, the allied chiefs decided to draw off their hard-pressed troops from this unequal contest, where victory was impossible and delay might place everything in jeopardy.

The retirement began late in the afternoon.  Covered by the fire of a powerful artillery from successive crests, and by the charges of their dauntless cavalry, the allies beat off every effort of the French to turn the retreat into a rout.  In vain did Napoleon press the pursuit.  As at Luetzen, he had cause to mourn the loss in the plains of Russia of those living waves that had swept his enemies from many a battlefield.  But now their columns refused to melt away.  They filed off, unbroken and defiant, under the covering wings of Uhlans and Cossacks.[299]