99.  The soldiers should be kept as busy as possible, for in Manila they give themselves up to laziness and vice.  When most needed, they are found to be undrilled, and so unfit for their work.  Especially should they be made to go aboard the vessels as often as possible, for in these islands it is very necessary that they go to sea and know how to fight on the water.  In fact, this is generally the kind of fighting to be done here.

100.  In the other cities and places of these islands, it is necessary that the magistrates and the officers of war should always be on the alert, ready themselves, and their Indians also, for any emergency that should arise.  They should have ships that would inspire respect; because enemies or corsairs are apt to attack them, with whom they lose time and reputation by not hurrying to encounter them.

101.  Expeditions and enterprises for pacification or conquest outside of the islands must be scrutinized very carefully.  Before going on them, it must be understood and determined that those sent on such expeditions must give account and residencia of their duties and methods of procedure.

102.  In respect to crimes committed by the soldiers, when these are slight offenses there is but little to register, or little judicial procedure to be observed; but when they are of greater import, and the penalty therefor is severe, it is just that the case be registered and substantiated so that the proper course of justice may be observed, and so that they may be prosecuted in due form of law.

Justice

103.  As for justice, there has been much negligence in punishing public excesses and faults.  Many things—­and some of them of great importance—­have been overlooked or covered up.  This has led to other irregularities, such as reckless, continual, and fraudulent gambling, and concubinage.

104.  From Nueva Espana many disreputable men, condemned to the galleys, are brought here, and allowed to disembark and go where they will, dressed and armed like the rest of the people.  They are not often tried; and not only do they not pay the penalty for their crimes, but even commit other atrocities and crimes here.

105.  The ordinary judges are lax in their duties, are not prompt in finishing the business of the advocates, and in fact, neglect this duty greatly.  They do not patrol or visit suspected places, nor watch over the government, supplies, and civil affairs of their districts.

106.  The chief aim of the alcaldes-mayor, corregidors, and assistants, is trade.  They buy up by wholesale the products of the land, especially rice and other food supplies, exactly as is said above concerning the religious of certain curacies, and their interpreters and helpers.

107.  They try old suits of which they cannot know the details, and stir up many suits and processes among the Indians, at great expense to the latter.

108.  Neither they nor their clerks observe the schedule when levying the fees.  In their own behalf they afflict and trouble the Indians with outrageous requirements, making them cut wood, serve as rowers, and perform other services.