that they might secure and enjoy the privileges on which they are established; without being bound to their ministry, which they have no right to abandon.  This must be understood as affecting the religious who go there for the purpose of settling and remaining in the islands, and not those who have my permission to go farther to other districts; for, when the latter is given or granted them, it will be after weighty consideration.

I have been informed also that, in order to correct the license that has existed, and the wrongs that have resulted from the departure of some from the said islands for China and other countries without order or permission, it would be advisable to ordain, under severe penalties, that no Spanish layman may leave the islands for any place, or to attend to any business, or give fragata, supplies, or any other aid to any of the said religious, except by my special order, or by your permission and that of the said archbishop.  Inasmuch as this is cooerdinate with the contents of the preceding section, you shall note what is provided therein, for the same must be understood in what touches this matter, which it covers completely.

I have been informed that wrongs are inflicted on the heathen Chinese Indians who go to trade at the said islands, both in permitting the guards stationed by my royal officials on their vessels to take bribes (which are brought from China to give to private individuals, in order to allow them to do certain things), and in the conduct of those who register the vessels, who seize and take from them all the best merchandise, and leave them only the worst.  This they pay for only at the price brought by the rejected merchandise.  The Chinese, because they fear lest those who register their vessels should take their merchandise from them at the time of appraisal, value them at prices much in excess of their true value.  The result of this is that, as the goods are sold afterward at very low rates, the Chinese pay my duties at the rate of valuation.  Moreover, the masts are taken from their vessels in order to place them in Spanish vessels, as they are light; and in exchange they are given others, which are so heavy that they are lost.  This is not right and ought not to be permitted.  Therefore I charge you not to allow it, or to permit any wrong to be inflicted upon the said Indians.  On the contrary, both you and the said Audiencia shall take special care to remedy the said wrongs, and to punish those who inflict them.  You shall show all kind treatment and attention, both to the above and to all others who went there before for trade and commerce.  You shall expedite them in every way and treat them well, as is advisable—­not only so that they may continue the trade, but also so that they may be led to abandon the idolatry and blindness in which they live, and to receive instruction in the law of the gospel.