35.  These were the alternative versions proposed by John’s friends,
    according to M. Paris.

36. Johannem Mollegladium.  This nickname is no doubt a translation
    of one which must have been applied to John in French, though
    unluckily its vernacular form is lost.  It has been suggested that
    “if the phrase had any English equivalent, it would probably be
    something embracing a more direct metaphor than
    ’Softsword’—­something like ‘Tinsword,’ or, better still, if the
    thirteenth century knew of putty, ‘John Puttysword.’”

37.  In 1199, by acknowledging Arthur as their liege lord and Richard’s
    lawful heir.

38. I.e., “May the band that binds the felts and spars of the yurt
    never decay”; in other words, may he ever be prosperous—­a
    favorite Mongol wish.

39.  Transports.

40.  The Petrion, which is repeatedly mentioned by contemporary
    writers, was a district built on the slope of a hill running
    parallel to the Golden Horn for about one-third of the length of
    the harbor walls eastward from Blachern.  It had apparently been a
    neglected spot during the early centuries of the history of
    Constantinople, but had lately come to be the residence of
    numerous hermits, and the site of several monasteries and
    convents.  A great part is now occupied by the Jewish colony of
    Galata.

41.  Nicetas’ Chronicate, Greek authority on the Latin conquest.

42.  Engines for throwing stones and other missiles.

43.  Alexius V, Byzantine Emperor.

44.  The remarkable church of this monastery still exists as a mosque,
    and is known as Eski imaret Mahallasse.  It still bears witness to
    its having been arranged for both monks and nuns.  It is on the
    Fourth Hill, just above the Phanar.

45.  Alexius V, his Greek name.

46.  It was the quarter about the gate in the harbor walls, now known
    as Zindan Capou, near the dried-fruit market.

47.  Another name of Constantinople.

48.  The Great Church, dedicated to the “Divine Wisdom”; the Santa
    Sophia, built by Justinian.

49.  This office still exists.  The principal duty of the person who
    holds it is to recite the creed in great religious services when
    the patriarch officiates.

50.  Romania was the usual name for the Byzantine or Eastern empire.

51.  Innocent III.

52.  By a similar manoeuvre did the Spaniards rob King Rene two hundred
    years later of the city of Naples.

53.  Peter’s Patrimony was an administrative division of the Papal
    States, situated in Central Italy northwest of the Roman
    Campagna.—­ED.

54.  Apulia, a former duchy, was now a part of the Two Sicilies.

55.  Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, also ruler of a large part of
    Northern Italy, died about 1115, bequeathing her possessions to
    the papacy, which she had supported in its struggle with the
    Empire.  The execution of her will had been prevented by the
    Imperial power.