1.  See The Peace of Constance, page 28.

 2.  See Archiepiscopate of Thomas Becket, page 1.

 3.  See Saladin Takes Jerusalem from the Christians, page 41.

 4.  See The Third Crusade, page 54.

 5.  See Philip of France Wins the French Domains of the English
    Kings, page 86.

 6.  See Signing of the Magna Charta, page 175.

 7.  See Innocent III Exalts the Papal Power, page 156.

 8.  See Decline of the Moorish Power in Spain, vol. v, page 256.

 9.  See Venetians and Crusaders Take Constantinople, page 121.

10.  See Latin Empire of the East, page 140.

11.  See The Sixth Crusade, page 208.

12.  See The Teutonic Knights, page 68.

13.  See Mamelukes Usurp Power in Egypt, page 240.

14.  See Louis IX Leads the Last Crusade, page 275.

15.  See The Sicilian Vespers, page 340.

16.  See First Great Jubilee of the Roman Catholic Church, page 378.

17.  See Rise of the Hanseatic League, page 214.

18.  See Founding of the House of Hapsburg, page 298.

19.  See Founding of the Mongol Empire, page 103.

20.  See Russia Conquered by the Tartar Hordes, page 196.

21.  See Height of the Mongol Power in China, page 287.

22.  See Japanese Repel the Tartars, page 327.

23.  See The Golden Bull, “Hungary’s Magna Charta," page 191.

24.  See The “Mad Parliament," page 246.

25.  See Edward I Conquers Wales, page 316.

26.  See Exploits and Death of William Wallace, page 369.

27.  See Expulsion of Jews from England, page 356.

28.  A tax originally levied by Ethelred II to maintain forces against
    the Danes.

29.  He had killed the father of a young lady whom he had betrayed.

30.  The King knew not how to behave to the murderers.  To punish them
    for that which they had understood he wished them to do, appeared
    ungenerous; to spare them was to confirm the general suspicion
    that he had ordered the murder.  He left them therefore to the
    judgment of the spiritual courts.  In consequence they travelled to
    Rome, and were enjoined by Alexander to make a pilgrimage to
    Jerusalem, where some, if not all, of them died.

31.  Guy—­Guido of Lusignan—­was King of Jerusalem, the kingdom
    founded by the crusaders in 1099.  When Saladin took the city, in
    1187, he imprisoned Guy.

32.  The house of Comnenus, rulers of the Byzantine empire.

33.  Mother of John, grandmother of Arthur, and heiress of Aquitaine.

34.  According to R. Coggeshall, Philip virtually declared himself
    still ignorant on the point six months later.