Mr. Edgeworth desired that none of his tenants should pay rent to any one but himself; thus taking away subordinate interference, he became individually acquainted with his tenantry.  He also made himself acquainted with the different value of land on his estate.  In every case where the tenant had improved the land his claim to preference over every new proposer was admitted.  The mere plea, ’I have been on your Honour’s estate so many years,’ was disregarded.  ’Nor was it advantageous that each son,’ says Miss Edgeworth, ’of the original tenant should live on his subdivided little potato garden without further exertion of mind or body.’  Further on she continues:  ’Not being in want of ready money, my father was not obliged to let his land to the highest bidder.  He could afford to have good tenants.’  In the old leases claims of duty-fowl, of duty-work, of man or beast had been inserted.  Mr. Edgeworth was one of the first to abolish them.  The only clause he continued in every lease was the alienation fine, which was to protect the landlord and to prevent a set of middlemen from taking land at a reasonable rent, and letting it immediately at the highest possible price.  His indulgence as to the time he allowed for the payment of rent was unusually great, but beyond the half year the tenants knew his strictness so well, that they rarely ventured to go into arrears, and never did so with impunity.  ‘To his character as a good landlord,’ she continues, ’was added that he was a real gentleman; this phrase comprises a good deal in the opinion of the lower Irish.’  There is one very curious paragraph in which Miss Edgeworth describes how her father knew how to make use of the tenants’ prejudices, putting forward his wishes rather than his convictions.  ‘It would be impossible for me,’ says his daughter, ’without ostentation to give any of the proofs I might record of my father’s liberality.  Long after they were forgotten by himself, they were remembered by the warm-hearted people among whom he lived.’

Mr. Edgeworth was one of those people born to get their own way.  Every one seems to have felt the influence of his strong character.  It was not only with his family and his friends that he held his own—­the tenants and the poor people rallied to his command.  To be sure, it sounds like some old Irish legend to be told that Mr. Edgeworth had so loud a voice that it could be heard a mile off, and that his steward, who lived in a lodge at that distance from the house, could hear him calling from the drawing-room window, and would come up for orders.

In 1778, says Miss Edgeworth retrospectively, when England was despatching her armies all over the world, she had no troops to spare for the defence of Ireland then threatened with a French invasion; and the principal nobility and gentry embodied themselves volunteers for the defence of the country.  The Duke of Leinster and Lord Charlemont were at the head of the ’corps which in perfect order and good discipline rendered