The following story of Voltaire bluntly illustrates a fact of widespread knowledge.  Voltaire and an Englishman, after an intimate philosophical discussion, decided that the aches and pains of life outnumbered the agreeable sensations, and that to live was to endure unhappiness.  Therefore, they decided that jointly they would commit suicide and named the time and the place.  On the day appointed the Englishman appeared with a revolver ready to blow out his brains, but no Voltaire was to be seen.  He looked high and low and then went to the sage’s home.  There he found him seated before a table groaning with the good things of life and reading a naughty novel with an expression of utmost enjoyment.  Said the Englishman to Voltaire, “This was the day upon which we were to commit suicide.”  “Ah, yes,” said Voltaire, “so we were, but to-day my bowels moved well.”

4.  The disturbed sleep, either as insomnia or an unrestful, dream-disturbed slumber, is a distressing symptom.  For we look to the bed as a refuge from our troubles, as a sanctuary wherein is rebuilded our strength.  We may link work and sleep as the two complementary functions necessary for happiness.  If sleep is disturbed, so is work, and with that our purposes are threatened.  So disturbed sleep has not only its bodily effects but has its marked results on our happiness.

5.  Fundamental in the symptoms of neurasthenia is fear.  This fear takes two main forms.  First, the worry over the life situation in general, that is to say, fear concerning business; fear concerning the health and prosperity of the household; fear that magnifies anything that has even the faintest possibility of being direful into something that is almost sure to happen and be disastrous.  This constant worry over the possibilities of the future is both a cause of neurasthenia and a symptom, in that once a neurasthenic state is established, the liability to worry becomes greatly increased.

Second, there is a special form of worry called by the old authors hypochondriacism, which essentially is fear about one’s own health.  The hypochondriac magnifies every flutter of his heart into heart disease, every stitch in his side into pleurisy, every cough into tuberculosis, every pain in the abdomen into cancer of the stomach, every headache into the possibility of brain tumor or insanity.  He turns his gaze inward upon himself, and by so doing becomes aware of a host of sensations that otherwise stream along unnoticed.  Our vision was meant for the environment, for the world in which we live, since the bodily processes go on best unnoticed.  The little fugitive pains and aches; the little changes in respiration; the rumblings and movements of the gastro-intestinal tract have no essential meaning in the majority of cases, but once they are watched with apprehension and anxiety, they multiply extraordinarily in number and intensity.  One of the cardinal groups of symptoms in a neurasthenic is this fear of serious bodily disease for which he seeks examination and advice constantly.  Naturally enough, he becomes the choicest prey for the charlatan, the faker, or perhaps ranks second to the victim of venereal or sexual disease.  The faker usually assures him that he has the disorders he fears and then proceeds to cure him by his own expensive and marvelous course of treatment.