But how to feed the multitude?  Two hundred thousand mechanics alone were out of employment in Paris, besides laborers, servants, clerks, etc.  It was proposed to establish national workshops in Louis Philippe’s pretty private pleasure-grounds, the Parc des Monceaux.  The men applying for work were enrolled in squads; each squad had its banner and its officers, and each man was paid on Saturday night his week’s wages, at the rate of two francs a day,—­the highest wages in Paris at that time for an artisan.  There was no particular work for them to do, but the arrangement kept them disciplined and out of mischief, though at an enormous cost to the country.  At the Palace of the Luxembourg Louis Blanc was permitted to hold a series of great labor meetings,—­a sort of Socialist convention,—­and to inveigh against “capitalists” and “bloated bondholders” in a style that was much more novel then than it is now.  Lamartine greatly disapproved of these Luxembourg proceedings; but he argued that it was better to countenance them than to throw Louis Blanc and his friends into open opposition to the Government.  Louis Blanc was a charming writer, whose views on social questions have made great progress since his day.  His brother Charles wrote a valuable book on art.  He himself wrote a “History of the Revolution” and the “History of Ten Years,”—­that is, from 1830 to 1840.  He bitterly hated Louis Philippe and the bourgeoisie, and yet his book is fair and honest, and the work of a gentleman.  He was almost a dwarf, but his face was very handsome, clean-shaved, with bright eyes and brown hair.  I may remark en passant that not one of the members of the Provisional Government wore either a beard or a moustache.

One of the first things the Provisional Government did was to decree that the personal property of the Orleans family should not be confiscated, but placed in the hands of a receiver, who should pay the king and princes liberal allowances till it became certain that their wealth would not be spent in raising an army for the invasion of France.

Louis Philippe lived only two years after reaching England.  They were apparently not unhappy years to him.  He sat at the foot of his own table, and carved the joint daily for his guests, children, and grandchildren.  He dictated his Memoirs, and talked with the greatest openness to those who wished to converse with him.

The Duc d’Aumale was head of the army in Algeria, and governor-general of the colony, when the Revolution broke out.  Here is the address which he at once published to his soldiers and the people, and with which the whole of his after life has been consistent:—­

Inhabitants of Algeria!  Faithful to my duties as a citizen and a soldier, I have remained at my post as long as I could believe my presence would be useful in the service of my country.  It can no longer be so.  General Cavaignac is appointed governor-general of Algeria, and until his arrival here, the functions of governor-general ad interim will be discharged by General Changarnier.  Submissive to the national will, I depart; but in my place of exile my best prayers and wishes shall be for the prosperity and glory of France, which I should have wished still longer to serve.