the Hanseatic merchants—­here the fraternity had their warehouses, their exchange, their great Hall.  Here the German porters loaded and cleared the ships, the German clerks took notes and kept accounts, and the German merchants bought and sold.’  They ventured not far from their own place; the Londoners have never loved foreigners or the sound of an unknown language; they lived here making money as fast as they could and then going home to Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, others coming to take their place.

On Dowgate Hill was another famous old house called the Erber—­which is, I suppose, the same word as Harbour.  It belonged at successive periods to Lord Scroope, the Earl of Warwick, the Earl of Salisbury, and to George, Duke of Clarence.  This house, too, perished in the Fire.  In this street Sir Francis Drake lived, and here are now three Companies’ Halls.  Close by, on Laurence Poultney Hill, lived Dr. William Harvey, who discovered the circulation of the blood.

In Suffolk Lane the Earls of Suffolk had a great house, and here, before they moved to Charter House, stood the Merchant Taylors’ School.  Three Companies had their Halls on the riverside—­the Watermen’s at the bottom of Cold Harbour Lane; the Dyers’ at the bottom of Angel Alley; and the Vintners’ which still stands close to Southwark Bridge.

Nearly at the end of the street was Baynard’s Castle.  You may still see the name on the gate of a wharf, and it also gives its name to the ward.  This was the western fortress of the City, just as the Tower was the eastern; but with this difference, that Castle Baynard belonged to the City during the troubled time when the Crown and the City were constantly in conflict.  The Tower, on the other hand, always belonged to the Crown.  Baynard’s Castle belonged, in fact, to the FitzWalters, hereditary barons of the City.  One of their functions was at the outbreak of a war to appear at the west door of St. Paul’s, armed and mounted, with twenty attendants, there to receive from the Lord Mayor the banner of the City, a horse worth L20, and L20 in money.  Finally, the castle became, I do not know how, Crown property.  It was burned to the ground, but rebuilt by Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester.  Within this castle the Duke of Buckingham offered the Crown to Richard III., and here the Privy Council proclaimed Queen Mary.  The castle afterwards fell into the hands of the Earls of Shrewsbury.  It was destroyed in the Great Fire.  It consisted of two courts:  the south front of the buildings faced the river, the north front, with the principal entrance, was in Thames Street.

In more ancient times there stood a tower west of Baynard’s Castle called Montfichet, but of this building very few memorials remain.  Again, there is said to have been a palace on Addle Hill, built by Athelstan.  The Wardrobe was another great house acquired by King Edward III., close to the church still called St. Andrew’s by the Wardrobe.  The memory of this house is still kept up by that very