Shall a philanthropist say to a banker, who defends himself against a robber, “Why do you need so much money?” But we will not reason with such questions.  When any foreign nation willingly will divide its territory and give it cheerfully away, we will answer the question why we are fighting for territory!  At present—­for I pass to the consideration of benefits that accrue to the South in distinction from the rest of the nation—­the South reaps only suffering; but good seed lies buried under the furrows of war, that peace will bring to harvest, 1.  Deadly doctrines have been purged away in blood.  The subtle poison of secession was a perpetual threat of revolution.  The sword has ended that danger.  That which reason had affirmed as a philosophy, that people have settled as a fact.  Theory pronounces, “There can be no permanent government where each integral particle has liberty to fly off.”  Who would venture upon a voyage in a ship each plank and timber of which might withdraw at its pleasure?  But the people have reasoned by the logic of the sword and of the ballot, and they have declared that States are inseparable parts of the national government.  They are not sovereign.  State rights remain; but sovereignty is a right higher than all others; and that has been made into a common stock for the benefit of all.  All further agitation is ended.  This element must be cast out of political problems.  Henceforth that poison will not rankle in the blood. 2.  Another thing has been learned:  the rights and duties of minorities.  The people of the whole nation are of more authority than the people of any section.  These United States are supreme over Northern, Western, and Southern States.  It ought not to have required the awful chastisement of this war to teach that a minority must submit the control of the nation’s government to a majority.  The army and navy have been good political schoolmasters.  The lesson is learned.  Not for many generations will it require further illustration. 3.  No other lesson will be more fruitful of peace than the dispersion of those conceits of vanity, which, on either side, have clouded the recognition of the manly courage of all Americans.  If it be a sign of manhood to be able to fight, then Americans are men.  The North certainly is in no doubt whatever of the soldierly qualities of Southern men.  Southern soldiers have learned that all latitudes breed courage on this continent.  Courage is a passport to respect.  The people of all the regions of this nation are likely hereafter to cherish a generous admiration of each other’s prowess.  The war has bred respect, and respect will breed affection, and affection peace and unity. 4.  No other event of the war can fill an intelligent Southern man, of candid nature, with more surprise than the revelation of the capacity, moral and military, of the black race.  It is a revelation indeed.  No people were ever less understood by those most familiar with